UNIT 2 Understanding each other
We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen twice as much as we speak.——Epictetus
我们只有两只耳朵和一张嘴巴，所以我们可以听到的是我们所说的两倍。——爱比克泰德
Reading(p 16-17)
Effective communication有效沟通
If you heard someone shout “Hey you!” from across the room, how would you react? Just these two words can carry a lot of information. They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially if accompanied by a gentle smile. When spoken by a stranger, they can function as a means of attracting your attention. Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them. So. let’s look a little deeper into the topic of communication.
如果你听到有人从房间的另一头喊 “嘿,你!”,你会作何反应?仅仅这两个词 就可以承载很多信息。它们(这两个词) 可以解读成来自亲密朋友的热情问候,特别 是如果伴随着亲切的笑容。当陌生人这样 说话时,它们可以作为吸引你注意的一种方 式。我们交流的大部分内容不仅取决于我 们使用的词语,还取决于我们如何使用它 们。那么,咱们更深入地探讨一下交流的话题吧。
Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver. The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face, or through video, telephone, mail or social media. This message is then received and decoded by the receiver. In response, the receiver sends an encoded message back, which is referred to as feedback, This feedback is decoded by the original sender and the entire cycle repeats itself until they have finished communicating.
沟通是发送者和接收者之间交换信息的过程。发送者对信息进行编码,然后面对面发通或通过视频、电话、邮件或社交媒体发送,然后该消息被接收方接收并解码,作为回应,接收者发回一组编码的信息,这被称为反馈。这个反馈信息被原始发送者解码,然后整个循环重复,直到他们完成通信。
This communication process can be challenging but, with practice and patience, you can become a highly competent communicator. To accomplish this, you need to know with whom you are communicating. What is their age or position? What is their relationship with you? What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have? Once you have obtained this information you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them. Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger, friend, family member or co-worker, you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation. Furthermore, you will need to determine the appropriate style to use and how complex your choice of words should be. For example, if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal, you should do it face to face, using formal language in a straightforward manner.
这个沟通过程可能是具有挑战性的,但是,通过练习和耐心,你可以成为一个非常称职的沟通者。要做到这一点,你需要知道你在和谁交流,他们的年龄或职位是什么?他们和你的关系如何?他们有什么样的期望和文化背景?一旦你获得了此休息,你可以用它来决定如何最好地与他们沟通。根据你是与陌生人、朋友、家人还是问事沟通,你需要决定哪种沟通渠道最适合这类
情况。此外,你还需要确定使用的方式适当,以及你的措辞应该多复杂。例如,如果你是一个商人,正在与一家大企业洽谈一笔交易,你应该面对面地,用正式的语言,以直截了当的方式进行沟通。
Your body language is equally important, since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes. Make sure it clearly supports the message you want to deliver. A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction. Additionally, you should not ignore the other person’s body language, which will give you clues as to whether the conversation is going well or not. When you notice a change in the other person’s body language. you should adjust how you are communicating accordingly. If someone looks at you with a confused expression, this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point. Then you will need to clarify your message before moving on.
你的肢体语言同样重要,因为它揭示了你的想法和态度。确保它清楚地支持你想要传递的信息。微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注,而双臂交叉、日光移开可能表明你不感兴趣,这样
会造成不信任或导致摩擦。另外,你也不应该忽视对方的肢体语言,因为它会提示你对话是否顺利。当你注意到别人肢体语言的变化时,你应该相应地调整你交流的方式。如果有人带着困惑的表情看着你,这可能表明他们没有完全理解你的观点。那么在继续之前,你需要阐明你的信息。
While being knowledgeable about body language is vital, the value of empathy should not be understated. Seek to understand the other person’s emotions, by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective. Suppose you are discussing a project with your partner, who has just lost an important basketball game and is inactive. To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication more effective. you may express your sympathy by, for instance, saying, “I understand how you feel ...” However, some issues may be complicated and you may he confused about why others feel the way they do. Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them. You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from, which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly.
虽然了解肢体语言很重要,但同情的价值也不应该被低估,通过设身处地从对方的角度看问题来试着理解对方的情绪。假设你和你的伙伴正在讨论一个项目,他/她刚刚输了一场重要的篮球比赛,而且现在不活跃。为了让他或她参与讨论,使你的交流更有效,你可以表达你的同情,例如,说:“我理解你的感受······”但是,有些问题可能很复杂,你可能会困惑为什么其他人会有这样的感觉。只有当你认真考虑他们的观点,你才能明白他们的情绪是如何产生的,并与他们产生共鸣。你可能不赞成他们的想法,但至少你会明白这些想法从何而来,这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和措辞。
Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your interactions with others. Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect, allowing relationships to become more positive and productive. So, get practising and good luck!
有效的沟通能让你恰当地解决差异与分歧,并改善你与他人的互动交流。良好的沟通技巧还能帮助你建立信任,获得尊重,使人际关系变得更加积极和富有成效。所以,好好练习,祝你好运!
Grammar and usage(p 20)
Some people say that the UK and the USA are two countries that are separated by a common language. However, after studying in each of them. I found it is more than that. Apart from the differences in language such as pronunciation and vocabulary, there is a significant gap in terms of communication styles.
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