新视野大学英语 第三版 book2unit6A教案
    辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案      新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第2册
    Unit 6 Section A  Door closer, are you?
reaction to a book or an article    关门者”，你是吗？
    1 The next time you're deciding between rival options, one which is primary and the other which is secondary, ask yourself this question: What would Xiang Yu do?
    1 下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自己这样一个问题：项羽会怎么做？
    1 The next time you’re deciding between rival options, one which is primary and the other which is secondary, ask yourself this question: What would Xiang Yu do? (Para. 1)
    Meaning: The next time when you are to make a choice between two competing options, you have to distinguish which is the primary one and which is the minor one. To be enlighte
ned, you can ask yourself what option Xiang Yu would choose. Meaning beyond words: It suggests that Xiang Yu was a wonderful decision-maker.  Note: The phrase rival options means that both options seem like good choices, but one choice is somewhat better than the other. In this case, it is the one that Xiang Yu chose to implement.
    2 Xiang Yu was a Chinese imperial general in the third century BC who took his troops across the Zhang River on a raid into enemy territory. To his troops' astonishment, he ordered their cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned.
    2 项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。他带领他的部队横渡漳河，突袭进入了敌方的领地。 他下令砸锅烧船，令他的部队大为震惊。
    2 Xiang Yu was a Chinese imperial general in the third century BC who took his troops across the Zhang River on a raid into enemy territory. (Para. 2)
    Meaning: Xiang Yu was an ancient Chinese general in the third century BC. He led his troops across the Zhang River to attack the enemy in its territory.
    3 To his troops’ astonishment, he ordered their cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned. (Para. 2)
    Meaning beyond words: To make sure his troops would win the battle quickly, Xiang Yu ordered the soldiers to crush their cooking pots and burn their sailing boats after he led his troops across the Zhang River to attack the enemy. This way, he closed the door for retreating from the enemy’s territory and sent out a clear message to his men that they
    辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部 Copyright 2021-2021
    辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案      新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第2册
    only had two choices: to win the battle or die in the battle. However, his decision was obviously against normal practice, which greatly shocked his troops.
    3 He explained that he was imposing on them a necessity for attaining victory over their opponents. What he said was surely motivating, but it wasn't really appreciated by many of his loyal soldiers as they watched their vessels go up in flames. But the genius of General
Xiang Yu's conviction would be validated both on the battlefield and in modern social science research. General Xiang Yu was a rare exception to the norm, a veteran leader who was highly respected for his many conquests and who achieved the summit of success.
    3 他解释道，他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。他所说的无疑十分鼓舞士气，但当他那许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时，他们并不赞成他的做法。 不过项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天赋，在战场上和现代社会科学研究中都将得到肯定。 项羽将军是一个罕见的不墨守成规的人，他是一位经验丰富的领袖，由于他征战无数并达到了成功的顶峰，他深受尊敬。
    4 He explained that he was imposing on them a necessity for attaining victory over their opponents. (Para. 3)
    Meaning beyond words: By having their cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned, Xiang Yu put his troops in such a desperate condition that they wouldn’t have any hope to escape but fight to survive and eventually win the battle. In other words, Xiang Yu g
ave his troops only one option.  Usage note: rival, opponent rival和opponent都可以用作名词， 都可以表示“ 对手”，但两者有区别。 1 rival指在同一领域中为相同目标相竞争或相匹敌的对手。例如：
    The United States’ biggest rival in technological advancement is Japan. 在技术进步方面，美国最大的对手是日本。
    2 opponent指在某次竞赛或某个场合直接面对的对手。例如：
    He’s the best opponent I’ve come across this season, a great player. 他是我本赛季遇到的最出的对手，一位了不起的运动员。 比较：
    The Los Angeles Lakers’ biggest rival is the Boston Celtics. 洛杉矶湖人队最大的对手是波士顿凯尔特人队。（指湖人队一直与凯尔特人队在争高低，其竞争对手多年来一直是凯尔特人队。）
    The Los Angeles Lakers’ opponent in the 2021 NBA Finals is the Boston Celtics. 洛杉矶湖人队在2021年NBA总决赛中的对手是波士顿凯尔特人队。（指在2021年NBA决赛中湖人
队的竞争对手是凯尔特人队。）
    辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部 Copyright 2021-2021
    辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案      新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第2册
    3 opponent不能用作动词，rival可用作动词，表示“竞争；与…相匹敌”。例如： Ships can’t rival aircraft for speed. 轮船在速度方面无法与飞机匹敌。
    5 What he said was surely motivating, but it wasn’t really appreciated by many of his loyal soldiers as they watched their vessels go up in flames. (Para. 3)
    Meaning: Xiang Yu’s order of crushing the cooking pots and burning the sailing ships was definitely inspiring to his troops, but it was hardly valued by his faithful soldiers, who watched their boats burning.
    go up in flames: suddenly begin burning in a way that is difficult to control 突然着火 The factory went up in flames last night. 昨晚工厂突然着火了。

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