水轮机英语专业名词
    Hydraulic Turbine Terminology.
    Introduction.
    Hydraulic turbines are key components in hydroelectric power generation, converting the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy that can be used to generate electricity. They are complex machines with a dedicated vocabulary that is essential for professionals working in this field. This article aims to provide a comprehensive glossary of technical terms related to hydraulic turbines, including their components, operations, and maintenance.
    1. Turbine Types.
reaction in the shaft    Kaplan Turbine: A type of propeller turbine with adjustable blades, suitable for low to medium heads and high flows.
    Francis Turbine: A mixed-flow turbine with fixed vanes and adjustable blades, common in medium to high head applications.
    Pelton Turbine: A reaction turbine with buckets attached to a runner, ideal for high heads and low flows.
    Turgo Turbine: A reaction turbine with fixed nozzles and a turbine runner, suitable for medium heads and flows.
    2. Turbine Components.
    Runner: The rotating part of the turbine that converts water energy into mechanical energy.
    Blades/Buckets: The individual elements attached to the runner that interact with the water flow.
    Stator: A fixed assembly of vanes that directs the water flow onto the runner blades.
    Draft Tube: A section that guides the water away from the turbine, reducing pressure and improving efficiency.
    Shaft: The rotating axis that connects the turbine runner to the generator.
    3. Turbine Operations.
    Gate Regulation: The adjustment of turbine inlet gates to control water flow and turbine output.
    Load Rejection: The ability of the turbine to quickly adjust its output in response to a sudden decrease in load.
    Cavitation: The formation of vapor bubbles within the turbine due to sudden pressure drops, potentially causing damage.
    4. Turbine Maintenance.
    Overhaul: A comprehensive maintenance procedure that includes the disassembly, inspe
ction, and repair of turbine components.
    Blade Polishing: The process of smoothing and cleaning turbine blades to restore their efficiency.
    Leakage Testing: Examining the turbine for leaks that can affect its performance and efficiency.
    5. Performance Parameters.
    Head: The difference in water level between the inlet and outlet of the turbine, measured in meters.
    Flow Rate: The volume of water passing through the turbine per unit time, typically measured in cubic meters per second (m³/s).
    Efficiency: A measure of how effectively the turbine converts water energy into mechanical energy, expressed as a percentage.
    6. Turbine Control.
    Governor: A device that controls the speed and output of the turbine by regulating the water flow.
    Automation System: A suite of sensors and controllers that monitor and adjust turbine operations to maintain stable output and prevent damage.
    Conclusion.
    The terminology related to hydraulic turbines is extensive and covers various aspects of their design, operation, and maintenance. Understanding these terms is crucial for professionals working in the field of hydroelectric power generation, enabling them to communicate effectively, diagnose problems, and optimize turbine performance. As the field continues to evolve, it's important to stay updated with new terminology and technologies.

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