应⽤化学专业英语第⼆版万有志主编版课后答案和课⽂翻译
Unit 1 The Roots of Chemistry
I. Comprehension.
1.C
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. B
II. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.
1.The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty,
and it is necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.
2.Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is
also an activity by which knowledge is generated.
3.Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a
single mundane planet.
4.People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather simple
whereas others are highly complex.
5.Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistry
there is neither life nor death.
6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects of
human life, although many of us are not fully aware of this.
III. Translation.
1.(a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation
2.It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like/and so on/and so
forth/and otherwise.
3.Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activity in chemistry goes back to
prerecorded times/predating recorded times.
4.According to/From the evaporation of water, people know/realized that liquids can
turn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment.
5.You must know the properties of the material before you use it.
IV. Translation
化学是三种基础⾃然科学之⼀，另外两种是物理和⽣物。⾃从宇宙⼤爆炸以来，化学过程持续进⾏，甚⾄地球上⽣命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。⼈们也许认为⽣命是三步进化的最终结果，第⼀步⾮常快，其余两步相当慢。这三步是：（I）物理进化（化学元素的产⽣），（II）化学进化（分⼦和⽣物分
⼦的形成）；和（III）⽣物进化（有机物的形成和发展）。
V. Solution:
（1）The relative mass of 1H and 12C atoms can be calculated from their absolute masses in grams.
If the mass of a 12C atom is exactly 12 amu,then the mass of a 1H atom to five significant figures must be 1.0078 amu.
12 amu x 0.083986 = 1.0078 amu
（2）
First we calculate k and then use the first-order rate equation.
The bone was tossed away (more precisely, the animal whose bone was died) about 6100 years ago, or about 4100 B.C. We can thus be sure that a village was in existence at that place at that time.
Unit 7 The Nomenclature of Inorganic Substances
I. Comprehension
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.C
5.B
II. Give the systematic name for the following
ammonium ion ; copper(II) ion ; strontium ion;
Ccopper(I) ion; iron(II) ion; zinc ion;
hydrogen ion; lead((II) ion; aluminum;
silver ion; magnesium ion; chromium(III) ion;
Barium ; Manganese(II) ion; iron(III) ion;
calcium ion; mercury(II) ion;
chromium(II) ion; tin(II) ion.
carbon monoxide; ditrogen trioxide;
carbon dioxide; diphosphorus pentoxide;
sulfur trioxide; dichlorine heptoxide
arsenate ion; sulfite ion; hydride ion;
arsenite ion; bromide ion; hydroxide ion;
phosphate ion; chlorate ion; hypochlorite ion;
phosphate ion; chloride ion; iodate ion;
carbonate ion; chlorite ion; nitrate ion;
chromate ion; cyanide ion; iodide ion;
dichromate ion; fluoride ion; nitrate ion;
oxide ion; hydrogen carbonate ion; nitrite ion;
sulfide ion; hydrogen sulfate ion; perchlorate ion;
sulfate ion; hydrogen sulfite ion; permanganate ion.
of the sentence.
1.is altered;
2.To illustrate
3.indicates
4.should expect
5.would cancel
6. are pulled
7.depend on
8.are; referred
9.formed 10.have discussed
VI. Translation
1. Matter can neither be created nor be destroyed/eliminated.
2. It is necessary that a scientist must know how to use fingures to get an accutate answer to question.
3. Any substance is made of atoms whether it is solid, liquid or gas.
4. The experiment was successful. It’s results was the same as what we had expected.
5. It will not be long before we finish the experiment.
VII. Write equations for the following acid-base reactions. Use the information in inorganic textbook to predict whether the equilibrium will favor the reactants or the products. (Partially Solved)
Solutin to (a): Cyanide is the conjugate base of HCN. It can accept a proton from formic acid:
Reading from inorganic textbook, formic acid (p K a=3.76) is a stronger acid than HCN (p K a=9.22), and cyanide is a stronger base than formate. The products (weaker acid and base) are favored.
…………..
VIII. Write equations for the net reactions which occur when the following materials are added to a sodium-ammonia solution. Answer: (1) 2CH3GeH3 + 2e am-→ H2 + 2CH3GeH2-
(2) I2 + 2e am-→ 2I-
(3) (C2H5)2S + 2e am- + NH3 → C2H5S- + C2H6 + NH2-
Unit 10 Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons
I. Comprehension
1.C
2.D
3.B
4.A
5.B
6.B
1.A
2.A
3.B
4.C
V. Each of the following names is incorrect. Draw the structure represented by the incorrect name (or a consistent structure if the name is ambiguous), and give your drawing the correct name.
(…………)
Unit 11 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
I. Comprehension
1.B
2.B
reaction in the shaft
3.C
4.D
5.A
6.C
II. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below.
1.brought out
2.dozen or so; put together

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。