CM
mi@seu.edu Selected Technical Terms in Mechanics of Materials
材料力学部分专业术语中英文对照
（version 1.0, September 4, 2011）
This tabulated list of selected technical terms in mechanics of materials is developed by Changwen Mi to facilitate the students in various engineering majors at the Southeast University. This file reflects part of our constant efforts in implementing bilingual teaching of a series of undergraduate and graduate mechanics courses hosted by the Department of Engineering Mechanics at the Southeast University. We had made every effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this file for the students’ sake. We, however, make no guarantee of the effects of using this file.
Geometric properties of an area 截面几何性质
centroid 形心
centroidal axis 形心轴
first moment of an area 静矩
moment of inertia; second moment of an area 惯性矩
parallel axis theorem 平行移轴定理
products of inertia 惯性积
polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩
radius of gyration 惯性半径
composite area组合截面
principal centroidal axis主形心轴
principal moment of inertia主惯性矩
principal moments of inertia about centroidal axes 主形心惯性矩
Structural members 构件
bar 杆
prismatic bars 等截面直杆
CM
mi@seu.edu shaft 轴
column 柱（只受压缩）
thin-walled tubes （闭口）薄壁杆
thin-walled open tubes 开口薄壁杆
pressure vessel 压力容器
beam 梁
neutral surface 中性层
neutral axis 中性轴
simply supported beams 简支梁
cantilever beams 悬臂梁
composite beams 复合梁
overhanging beams 外伸梁
continuous beams 连续梁
fully stressed beams; beams of constant strength 等强度梁
beams of variable cross section 变截面梁
wide-flange beams 工字梁
web 腹板
flange 翼缘
fixed support; clamped support 固定端
pin support 固定铰支座
roller support 可动铰支座
curved beams 曲梁
truss 桁架
frame 刚架
cross-section 横截面
oblique cross-section
axis 轴线
rigid joint 刚性结点
CM
mi@seu.edu Loads 荷载/载荷
force 力
force couple 力偶
moment 力矩
moment of a couple 力偶矩
unit load 单位力
unit couple 单位力偶
concentrated loads 集中力
distributed loads 分布力
intensity of distributed loads 分布力的集度
surface force 面力
body force 体积力
static loads 静载
dynamic loads 动载
allowable loads 许用荷载
reaction 反作用力
internal forces 内力
axial force 轴力
shear force 剪力
Stress, Strain and Deformation 应力、应变及变形
normal stress 正应力
nominal stress 名义应力
true stress 真实应力
average stress 平均应力
maximum stress 最大应力
minimum stress 最小应力
allowable stress 许用应力
shear stress 剪切应力
pure shear 纯剪切
normal strain 正应变
nominal strain 名义应变
true strain 真实应变
shear strain 切应变
deformation 变形
displacement 位移
deflection 挠曲
Common Terms in Mechanics of Deformable Bodies 可变形体力学常用术语mechanics of materials 材料力学
strength of materials 材料力学
reaction in the shaft
mechanics of deformable bodies 变形体力学
strength 强度
stiffness 刚度
stability 稳定性
homogeneity/homogeneous 均质/匀质的
continuity/continuous 连续性/连续的
isotropy/isotropic 各向同性/各向同性的
infinitesimal elastic deformation 微小弹性变形
elasticity 弹性
elastic deformation弹性变形
linearly elastic body线性弹性体
mechanical properties力学性质
plasticity 塑性
elastoplastic materials 弹塑性材料
tension 拉伸
compress 压缩
shearing 剪切
torsion 扭转
bending 弯曲
buckling 失稳
allowable load method 许用荷载法
allowable stress 许用应力
allowable stress method 许用应力法
method of safety factor 安全系数法
method of discount factor 折扣系数法
factor of safety 安全系数
stress concentration factor 应力集中因数
residual stress / initial stress / prestress 残余应力初应力，预应力stress distribution 应力分布
equation of equilibrium 平衡方程
method of sections 截面法
Other Mechanical Terms 其它力学术语
dimensionless quantities 无量纲量
composite material复合材料
specimen 试件
elastic-perfectly plastic assumption理想弹塑性假设
plastic hinge塑性铰
Axial Loading 轴向荷载
axially loaded bars 拉压杆，轴向承载杆
axial tension 轴向拉伸
axial compression 轴向压缩
axial forces 轴向力
internal forces 内力
method of section 截面法

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