聚集荧光淬灭(ACQ)和聚集诱导发光(AIE)机理研究
Mechanism Study of Aggregation-caused Quenching (ACQ) and Aggregation-induced Emission (AIE)
专业:应用化学
 
    摘要:对于绝大多数传统的有机发光材料,当处于聚集态时,出现荧光猝灭的现象,我们称之为聚集荧光淬灭效应(aggregation-caused quenching, ACQ)。而近年来,随着科学技术的不断发展,化学家们发现了一种发光性质截然相反的荧光材料。这种发光材料在稀溶液中几乎不发光,反而在聚集态下表现出很强的荧光,并把它命名为聚集态诱导发光效应(aggregation-induced emission,AIE)。本论文主要通过实验现象和理论分析来研究聚集态荧光淬灭效应(ACQ)和聚集态诱导发光效应(AIE)这两种完全相反的发光特性。首先,一当量的二胺和两当量的水杨醛通过一个简单的缩合反应制备出两种分别具有ACQ和AIE性质的水杨醛衍生的双希夫碱。然后,分析研究它们的ACQ/AIE性质和pH传感应用。最后,通过X-射线单晶结构揭示分子结构/分子排列与ACE/AIE性质的内在关系。
   
    关键词:聚集荧光淬灭;聚集诱导发光;X射线单晶结构;发光材料
Mechanism Study of Aggregation-caused Quenching (ACQ) and Aggregation-induced Emission (AIE)
Major: Applied Chemistry
Abstract: For most conventional organic light emitting material, the luminescence is often weakened or quenched when they are in the aggregate state. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the “formation of aggregates”, which has frequently been referred to as “aggregation-caused quenching” (ACQ). In recent years, with the progress of scientific research, chemists discovered an exactly opposite phenomenon to the notorious ACQ effect. The light-emitting material was non-emissive in dilute solutions but became highly luminescent when the molecules were aggregated in concentrated solutions or cast into solid films. The authors termed the process “aggregation-induced emission” (AIE).This artic
le mainly study these two completely opposite luminescent properties by experimental and theoretical analysis. First, two luminescent salicylaldehyde-based Schiff bases that possess ACQ and AIE properties, respectively, are prepared through a simple one-pot condensation reaction of diamine with 2 equiv of salicylaldehyde. And then, their ACQ/AIE properties and pH sensing applications are explored through fluorometer analysis. Finally, x-ray single crystal structure analyses are used to reveal the inherent relationships between molecular structures/molecular arrangements and ACQ/AIE properties.
Keywords: aggregation-caused quenching, aggregation-induced emission, the X-ray structures, luminescent materials
第一章 绪论
1.1有机发光材料应用介绍
视觉是人类的基本感之一,研究发现人体对外界信息的获取大约有80%以上来源于视觉通过光作用于视觉器官,让我们的感受细胞兴奋,外界信息经视觉神经系统加工后便产生视
觉,这样我们便可以清楚地看到世界万物,因此研究发光材料的发光机理对我们来说是非常重要的。能够以某种方式吸收能量从而将其转化成光辐射的物质我们称之为发光材料。发光材料可分为无机发光材料和有机发光材料两而其中有机发光材料由于种类繁多纯度高彩丰富可调性好以及分子设计相对比较灵活而受到了科学界的广泛关注目前,有机发光荧光/磷光材料1已经被广泛应用学科领域,如有机电致发光器件(OLEDs)2,3发光电化学电池LECs),4基于三重态湮灭的转换,reaction研究5光学探针,6-10生物11细胞成像12等等。
通过研究不同物质的光物理特性,吸收光谱和发射光谱发光衰减寿命以及量子产率(Ф),可以研究制成适用于不同环境的有机发光材料。从微观方面而言,不同的发光性质是由于分子堆积方式的不同所导致的,因此发光机理的研究有机发光材料应用具有十分重要的价值
1.2 ACQ效应和AIE效应
1.2.1 聚集光淬灭效应(aggregation-caused quenching, ACQ)介绍
造成荧光淬灭的原因很多,也有复杂的机理,其中主要包括:
(1)能量的损失,主要是由荧光物质的分子和熄分子之间的碰撞现象造成的荧光淬灭;
(2)由于灭剂分子与荧光物质的分子之间发生化学反应,生成了独特的自身并不发光的配位化合物;
(3)荧光物质被溶解氧氧化,或是由于氧分子顺磁性,促进了体系间跨越,使得激发单重态荧光分子转变三重态;

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