Science &Technology Vision
科技视界0引言
、、、(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)。
ROS ,,,ROS 。,。ROS 、ROS 。
1植物体内活性氧的产生及毒害
,。,、、、、(UV),,,(O 2-)、(OH -)、(1O 2)(H 2O 2),。1.1
活性氧的产生
,、、、、ROS,、、ROS 。
:ROS ,(Peroxidases,POXs),POXs ROS。ROS [1]
。,ROS。:II (NADPH)H 2O 2。NADPH O 2O 2-。NADPH 。:ROS 。ROS 。I(PS I),、,,O 21
O 2。II(PS II)O 21
O 2[2]。UV 1
O 2O 2-。:ROS 。H 2O 2。,1-5%ROS 。,(Alternative oxidase,AOX),ROS 。,ROS ，植物体内活性氧的产生及清除机制研究进展
郭明欣刘佳佳侯琳琳张笑天刘含笑
(洛阳师范学院<；生命科学学院>，河南洛阳471934)
【摘要】很多非生物胁迫诱导植物体内活性氧的产生，活性氧的过量积累会产生氧化胁迫，导致细胞死亡，甚至植株死亡。植物细胞内的线粒体、叶绿体、过氧化物酶体等是细胞内活性氧的主要产生部位。在面对非生物胁迫的时候，植物体内有一个复制的机制调控活性氧的平衡，主要包括酶促清除机制和非酶促清除机制。
【关键词】活性氧；氧化胁迫；活性氧清除
中图分类号:TS255.1
文献标识码:A
DOI:10.19694/jki.issn2095-2457.2021.08.41
【Abstract 】Many abiotic stresses induce the production of reactive oxygen species in plants.Overproduction of reactive oxygen
species result in oxidative stress,cell death and even plant death.Mitochondria,chloroplasts and peroxisomes are the main production sites of reactive oxygen species in plant cells.Under abiotic stress,there is a complex mechanism that regulates the balance of reactive oxygen species in plants,which mainly includes enzymatic scavenging mechanisms and non-enzymatic scavenging mechanisms.
【Key words 】Reactive oxygen species;Oxidative stress;Reactive oxygen species scavenging
作者简介：郭明欣（1983—），男，汉族，河南鲁山县人，博士，讲师，主要从事植物分子生物学教学与科研工作。
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Science &Technology Vision 科技视界
reactive oxygen species名词解释
。:H 2O 2。β-H 2O 2。,H 2O 2。
1.2活性氧的毒害
ROS 。ROS 、、
[3]
。,ROS ,。ROS ,DNA、、,[4]。ROS DNA ,、(,)、、。DNA 、、,,,[5]
。
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。Bartoli et al.(2004),,[6]
。ROS 。ROS ,、。OH -(R -),。R -,,(ROO -);ROO -(ROOH)R -,R -。R-,ROO -(ROOR)[4]。
2活性氧的清除
ROS ,,
ROS 。ROS ,,(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、(Ascorbate peroxidase,APX)、(Glutathione peroxidase,GPX)、(Catalase,CAT)、S -(Glutathione S -transferases,GST)。,(V C )、(L-glutathione,GSH)、α-(V E )、(Pro)、(Carotenoids)、(Flavonoids)ROS(1)。图1植物体内活性氧清除机制[4]
2.1
酶促清除机制
SOD 。,SOD Cu-Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD、Fe-SOD 。SOD ,、、。SOD Cu-Zn-SOD 。SOD O 2-H 2O 2O 2,ROS 。(2009)PsMnSOD SOD ,[7]
。CAT ROS ,
ROS ,H 2O 2H 2O O 2。CAT 。CAT ,,H 2O 2;H 2O 2;,。3CAT ,OsCATA、OsCATB、OsCATC(OsNOE1)。ABA OsCATB ,H 2O 2。,OsCATC noe1
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Science &Technology Vision
科技视界H 2O 2,NO ,NO ,noe1[8]
。POX H 2O 2H 2O。POX ,APX GPX。APX -(APX-GSH),(Mono-dehydroaseorbate reductase,MDAR)、(Dehydroaseothate reductase,DHAR)、(Glutathione reductase,GR),V C 、NADPH、GSH ,H 2O 2H 2O。8(OsAPX1-OsAPX8)APXs。8APXs ,、、、。OsAPX1。OsAPX8,APXs 。POX ,
GPX ,GSH H 2O 2H 2O。(GSSG)GR NADPH GSH。
S-(Glutathione S -transferases,GST),。GST ,GSH 。,,。GSH 。GST ROS、[4]
。79GST ,7:Tau、Phi、Zeta、DHAR、EF1G、Theta、TCHQD。Tau OsGSTU3、OsGSTU4PEG [9]
。
2.2非酶促清除机制Vc 、。Vc,,ROS ROS。,ROS 。VC ,。Vc
ROS 。GSH Glu-Cys-Gyl ,,。,GSH ROS。,
GSH 1
O 2、HO -O 2-,ROS。,GSH ,DHAR Vc ,Vc 。(flavonoids),、、、
,ROS。OsIRL,[10]
。【参考文献】
[1]Kawano,T.Roles of the reactive oxygen species-generating peroxidase reactions in plant defense and growth induction [J].Plant Cell Rep ,2003(21):829-837.
[2]Fryer,M.J.,Oxborough,K.,Mullineaux,P.M.,et al.Imaging of photo-oxidative stress responses in leaves.J.Exp[J].Bot ,2002(53):1249-1254.[3]Pei,Z.M.,Murata,Y.,Benning,G.,et al.Calcium channels activated by hydrogen peroxide mediate abscisic acid signalling in guard cells [J].Nature ,2000(17):731-734.
[4]Gill,S.S.,and Tuteja,N.Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.Plant Physiol [J].Biochem ,2010(48):909-930.
[5]Cooke,M.S.,Evans,M.D.,Dizdaroglu,M.,et al.Oxidative DNA damage:mechanisms,mutation,and disease[J].FASEB J ,2003(17):1195-1214.[6]Bartoli,C.G.,Gomez,F.,Martinez,D.E.,et al.Mitochondria are the main target for oxidative damage in leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)J[J].Exp.Bot ,2004(55):1663-1669.
[7]付畅，张恒，刘关君，等.西伯利亚蓼PsMnSOD 基因的耐盐碱性鉴定及其在盐碱胁迫下的表达模式[J].分子植物育种,2009(7):861-866.[8]Lin,A.,Wang,Y.,Tang,J.,et al.Nitric oxide and protein S -nitrosylation are integral to hydrogen peroxide-induced leaf cell death in
rice[J].Plant Physiol ,2012(158):451-464.
[9]Moons,A.Osgstu3and Osgtu4,encoding tau class glutathione S -transferases,are heavy metal -and hypoxic stress -induced and differentially salt stress -responsive in rice roots [J].FEBS Lett ,2003(553):427-432.
[10]Kim,S.G.,Kim,S.T.,Wang,Y.,et al.Overexpression of rice isoflavone reductase -like gene
(OsIRL)confers tolerance to reactive
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