Inorganic non-metallic materials（无机非金属材料）Silicon.
(1) existing form;
Silicon ranks second in the earth's crust, second only to silicon, and is a pro oxygen element, which in nature exists in all its common compounds, silicon and silicates
Oxygen.
compound form
Silicon dioxide
(2) atomic structure
The number of nuclear charges of silicon is located in the third periodic group of the periodic table of elements
It is not easy to lose electrons in the reaction, it is not easy to get the electronic, mainly forming quadrivalence compounds.
Fourteen
VI A
(3) physical property
There are two kinds of silicon crystals and one is crystal silicon
A lustrous, brittle, solid structure similar to that of melting point, hardness, and brittleness, and is a good material
(4) chemical properties
Under normal temperature, the chemical properties of silicon are inert, and it is difficult to react with other substances except F2, hydrofluoric acid and strong alkali. The chemical equation for the reaction of silicon with NaOH is
Amorphous
dark gray
There is metal
There is metal
high
large
Semiconductor
Si2NaOHH2O===Na2SiO32H2 increases.
When heating, the reaction between silicon and nonmetal elements such as O2 and Cl2. The chemical equation of reaction between silicon and O2 is
(5) industrial law
Industrial coke is reduced to SiO2 in the electric furnace to obtain coarse silicon containing a small amount of impurities
After purification of crude silicon, high purity silicon can be obtained
(6) main uses
Silicon can be used to make transistors, integrated circuits, solar cells, silicon rectifiers, etc., in addition, the use of silicon alloy more widely, can be used as transformers, iron core, acid resistant equipment
2. silica
(1) form of existence;
The natural forms of SiO2 are crystalline and amorphous, collectively
The main ingredients are SiO2.
(2) structure
The basic structural units of the a.SiO2 crystal, shown below, are tetrahedral structures
Silica, quartz, crystal
In the B. crystal, each Si atom has an oxygen atom around it, each oxygen atom has an Si atom, and t
he chemical formula is no SiO2 molecule in the crystal
reactive materials studies
4
2
SiO2
(3) physical property
Colorless transparent crystal
great
great
Very high
Insoluble
(4) chemical properties
(5) main uses
The skeleton of the A. information superhighway -;
B. quartz crucible, quartz glass, quartz clock and so on;
An important component of the C. electronics industry, optical
instruments;
D. craft jewelry
Light-guide fiber
3. silicic acid (H2SiO3)
(1) physical property
The white solid
(2) chemical properties
Weak acid: acidity is the ratio of carbonic acid to the chemical equation of NaOH solution
Instability: the heat is easy to dehydrate, and the chemical equation is
Insoluble in water
weak
H2SiO32NaOH===Na2SiO32H2O
H2SiO3SiO2H2O
(3) making
alkalinity

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