Redis：默认配置⽂件f详解# Redis配置⽂件样例
# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specifiy
# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
#
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.
# Redis默认不是以守护进程的⽅式运⾏，可以通过该配置项修改，使⽤yes启⽤守护进程
# 启⽤守护进程后，Redis会把pid写到⼀个pidfile中，在/var/run/redis.pid
daemonize no
# 当Redis以守护进程⽅式运⾏时，Redis默认会把pid写⼊/var/run/redis.pid⽂件，可以通过pidfile指定
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
# 指定Redis监听端⼝，默认端⼝为6379
# 如果指定0端⼝，表⽰Redis不监听TCP连接
port 6379
# 绑定的主机地址
# 你可以绑定单⼀接⼝，如果没有绑定，所有接⼝都会监听到来的连接
# bind 127.0.0.1
# Specify the path for the unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#
# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 755
# 当客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表⽰关闭该功能
timeout 0
# 指定⽇志记录级别，Redis总共⽀持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose
# debug (很多信息, 对开发／测试⽐较有⽤)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel verbose
# ⽇志记录⽅式，默认为标准输出，如果配置为redis为守护进程⽅式运⾏，⽽这⾥⼜配置为标准输出，则⽇志将会发送给/dev/null
logfile stdout
# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# syslog-enabled no
# Specify the syslog identity.
# syslog-ident redis
# Specify the syslog facility.  Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
# syslog-facility local0
# 设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使⽤select <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id
# dbid是从0到‘databases’-1的数⽬
databases 16
>>>>>>## SNAPSHOTTING  >>>>>>###
# 指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据⽂件，可以多个条件配合
# Save the DB on disk:
#
#  save <seconds> <changes>
#
#  Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
#  number of write operations against the DB occurred.
#
#  满⾜以下条件将会同步数据:
#  900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改
#  300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改
#  60秒内有10000个更改
#  Note: 可以把所有“save”⾏注释掉，这样就取消同步操作了
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
# 指定存储⾄本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，Redis采⽤LZF压缩，如果为了节省CPU时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库⽂件变的巨⼤rdbcompression yes
# 指定本地数据库⽂件名，默认值为dump.rdb
dbfilename dump.rdb
# ⼯作⽬录.
# 指定本地数据库存放⽬录，⽂件名由上⼀个dbfilename配置项指定
#
# Also the Append Only File will be created inside this directory.
#
# 注意，这⾥只能指定⼀个⽬录，不能指定⽂件名
dir ./
>>>>>>### REPLICATION >>>>>>###
# 主从复制。使⽤slaveof从 Redis服务器复制⼀个Redis实例。注意，该配置仅限于当前slave有效
# so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a
# different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.
# 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的ip地址及端⼝，在Redis启动时，它会⾃动从master进⾏数据同步
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
# 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码
# 下⽂的“requirepass”配置项可以指定密码
# masterauth <master-password>
# When a slave lost the connection with the master, or when the replication
# is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:
#
# 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the slave will
#    still reply to client requests, possibly with out of data data, or the
#    data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
#
# 2) if slave-serve-stale data is set to 'no' the slave will reply with
#    an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands
#    but to INFO and SLAVEOF.
#
slave-serve-stale-data yes
# Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to change
# this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10
# seconds.
#
# repl-ping-slave-period 10
# The following option sets a timeout for both Bulk transfer I/O timeout and
# master data or ping response timeout. The default value is 60 seconds.
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.
#
# repl-timeout 60
>>>>>>#### SECURITY >>>>>>>
# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
# 设置Redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接Redis时需要通过auth <password>命令提供密码，默认关闭
# requirepass foobared
# Command renaming.
#
# It is possilbe to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# of hard to guess so that it will be still available for internal-use
# tools but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possilbe to completely kill a command renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""
>>>>>>> LIMITS >>>>>>>#
# 设置同⼀时间最⼤客户端连接数，默认⽆限制，Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最⼤⽂件描述符数，
# 如果设置maxclients 0，表⽰不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max Number of clients reached错误信息# maxclients 128
# Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an
# EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire
# in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.
# Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.
#
# If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to most read-only commands like GET.
#
# WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a
# 'state' server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real
# database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if
# it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you'll have the time
# to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get
# errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency.
# 指定Redis最⼤内存限制，Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最⼤内存后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key，
# 当此⽅法处理后，仍然到达最⼤内存设置，将⽆法再进⾏写⼊操作，但仍然可以进⾏读取操作。
# Redis新的vm机制，会把Key存放内存，Value会存放在swap区
# maxmemory <bytes>
# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
# is reached? You can select among five behavior:
#
# volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm
# allkeys-lru -> remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm
# volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set
# allkeys->random -> remove a random key, any key
# volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations
#
# Note: with all the kind of policies, Redis will return an error on write
#      operations, when there are not suitable keys for eviction.
#
#      At the date of writing this commands are: set setnx setex append
#      incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
#      sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
#      zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
#      getset mset msetnx exec sort
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy volatile-lru
# LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can select as well the sample
# size to check. For instance for default Redis will check three keys and
# pick the one that was used less recently, you can change the sample size
# using the following configuration directive.
#
# maxmemory-samples 3
>>>>>> APPEND ONLY MODE >>>>>>#
#
# Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you
# like (you have to comment the "save" statements above to disable the dumps).
# Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the
# log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.
# 指定是否在每次更新操作后进⾏⽇志记录，Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写⼊磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致⼀段时间内的数据丢失。# 因为redis本⾝同步数据⽂件是按上⾯save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在⼀段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no
# IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append
reactor debug mode is enabled# log file in background when it gets too big.
appendonly no
# 指定更新⽇志⽂件名，默认为appendonly.aof
# appendfilename appendonly.aof
# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
# 指定更新⽇志条件，共有3个可选值：
# no：表⽰等操作系统进⾏数据缓存同步到磁盘（快）
# always：表⽰每次更新操作后⼿动调⽤fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全）
# everysec：表⽰每秒同步⼀次（折衷，默认值）
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no
# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving the durability of Redis is
# the same as "appendfsync none", that in pratical terms means that it is
# possible to lost up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
#
# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size will growth by the specified percentage.
#
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (or if no rewrite happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a precentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
>>>>>>#### SLOW LOG >>>>>>>
# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
# other requests in the meantime).
#
# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
# queue of logged commands.
# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
slowlog-max-len 1024
>>>>>>## VIRTUAL MEMORY >>>>>>#
### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4
### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.
### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4
### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.
# Virtual Memory allows Redis to work with datasets bigger than the actual
# amount of RAM needed to hold the whole dataset in memory.
# In order to do so very used keys are taken in memory while the other keys
# are swapped into a swap file, similarly to what operating systems do
# with memory pages.
# 指定是否启⽤虚拟内存机制，默认值为no，
# VM机制将数据分页存放，由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页⾯由磁盘⾃动换出到内存中
# 把vm-enabled设置为yes，根据需要设置好接下来的三个VM参数，就可以启动VM了
vm-enabled no
# vm-enabled yes
# This is the path of the Redis swap file. As you can guess, swap files
# can't be shared by different Redis instances, so make sure to use a swap
# file for every redis process you are running. Redis will complain if the
# swap file is already in use.
#
# Redis交换⽂件最好的存储是SSD（固态硬盘）
# 虚拟内存⽂件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享
# *** WARNING *** if you are using a shared hosting the default of putting
# the swap file under /tmp is not secure. Create a dir with access granted
# only to Redis user and configure Redis to create the swap file there.
vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap
# With vm-max-memory 0 the system will swap everything it can. Not a good
# default, just specify the max amount of RAM you can in bytes, but it's
# better to leave some margin. For instance specify an amount of RAM
# that's more or less between 60 and 80% of your free RAM.
# 将所有⼤于vm-max-memory的数据存⼊虚拟内存，⽆论vm-max-memory设置多少，所有索引数据都是内存存储的（Redis的索引数据就是keys）
# 也就是说当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候，其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0
vm-max-memory 0
# Redis swap⽂件分成了很多的page，⼀个对象可以保存在多个page上⾯，但⼀个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的数据⼤⼩来设定的。# 建议如果存储很多⼩对象，page⼤⼩最后设置为32或64bytes；如果存储很⼤的对象，则可以使⽤更⼤的page，如果不确定，就使⽤默认值
vm-page-size 32
# 设置swap⽂件中的page数量由于页表（⼀种表⽰页⾯空闲或使⽤的bitmap）是存放在内存中的，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存
# swap空间总容量为 vm-page-size * vm-pages
#
# With the default of 32-bytes memory pages and 134217728 pages Redis will
# use a 4 GB swap file, that will use 16 MB of RAM for the page table.
#
# It's better to use the smallest acceptable value for your application,
# but the default is large in order to work in most conditions.
vm-pages 134217728
# Max number of VM I/O threads running at the same time.
# This threads are used to read/write data from/to swap file, since they
# also encode and decode objects from disk to memory or the reverse, a bigger
# number of threads can help with big objects even if they can't help with
# I/O itself as the physical device may not be able to couple with many
# reads/writes operations at the same time.
# 设置访问swap⽂件的I/O线程数，最后不要超过机器的核数，如果设置为0，那么所有对swap⽂件的操作都是串⾏的，可能会造成⽐较长时间的延迟，默认值为4
vm-max-threads 4
>>>>>># ADVANCED CONFIG >>>>>>#
# Hashes are encoded in a special way (much more memory efficient) when they
# have at max a given numer of elements, and the biggest element does not
# exceed a given threshold. You can configure this limits with the following
# configuration directives.
# 指定在超过⼀定的数量或者最⼤的元素超过某⼀临界值时，采⽤⼀种特殊的哈希算法
hash-max-zipmap-entries 512
hash-max-zipmap-value 64
# Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order
# to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when
# you are under the following limits:
list-max-ziplist-entries 512
list-max-ziplist-value 64
# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
# of just strings that happens to be integers in radix 10 in the range
# of 64 bit signed integers.
# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
set-max-intset-entries 512
# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
# keys to values). The hash table implementation redis uses (see dict.c)
# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into an hash table
# that is rhashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
# by the hash table.
#
# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
# active rehashing the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
# If unsure:
# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply form time to time
# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
# 指定是否激活重置哈希，默认为开启
activerehashing yes
>>>>>>#### INCLUDES >>>>>>>
# 指定包含其他的配置⽂件，可以在同⼀主机上多个Redis实例之间使⽤同⼀份配置⽂件，⽽同时各实例⼜拥有⾃⼰的特定配置⽂件# include /path/f
# include /path/f
Redis默认16个数据库，并以数字为索引，可以⼿⼯修改这个配置，增加数量。
到redis配置⽂件，打开：

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