六选四-2023年上海高三英语一模汇编
1.宝山区
Many people drink protein shakes(高蛋白饮品)regularly to lose weight,build muscle or both.Others, however,question the belief that protein shakes are better than normal,high-protein foods.So what is the truth?
What is in a protein shake?
Protein shakes are dietary supplements(膳食补充品)designed to help people consume more protein than they otherwise would.___47___Or people can mix their own shakes using protein powder and other ingredients.Protein powder can be made from plants or animals.Plant-based protein shakes can include soy, pea or rice protein.Animal-based protein powders are usually made from cow’s milk.Those who want to stay away from milk can also get protein powder made from egg whites.
Advantages of protein shakes
Studies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build your muscle.They can also help to improve your performance while exercising and help you to recover from exercise.___48___ Con
suming protein shakes can also help you lose weight.Eating a high-protein diet helps you feel full,so it’s easier to resist eating too much.High-protein diets can also increase how quickly your body burns energy. When you use more energy than you take in through food,you lose weight.___49___
Disadvantages of protein shakes
However,you don’t have to drink protein shakes to have a high-protein diet.Many wholefoods are rich in protein.As a matter of fact,the people in many high-protein diet studies didn’t drink protein shakes The studies proved the benefits of eating protein-rich foods.___50___In contrast,many protein shakes contain sugar or artificial sweeteners,which are not healthy.
To sum up
So yes,protein shakes are convenient,and they work.However,they are not your only choice for eating a high-protein diet.
A.And if you’re losing weight,protein shakes can help make sure that you don’t lose muscle.
B.Protein shakes can also help people to manage their figures,especially their weight.
C.Moreover,these foods contain other nutrients in addition to protein.
D.Therefore,it is unnecessary to take protein shakes unless it is a must.
E.Protein shakes can be ready-made drinks.
F.And high-protein diets have also been linked to the loss of fat.
2.崇明区
Israeli Company Develops3D Printed Beef
If there were an award for the funniest company name of2022,then the3D printed meat company “Steakholder”would win that award.
Israeli company Steakholder Foods Ltd.has introduced its new product,Omakase Beef Morsels,which are bioprinted with cultured meat.The bites are inspired by the world-famous Wagyu beef,famous for its fat marbling patterns(大理石花纹)in the meat,which is also very expensive.reactor4
The company was formed in2019and has an office in Israel and Belgium,and is now expanding its operations to the US.____67____
Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef,and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks.____68____A bite can be made juicier,chewier,and the taste can also be altered.
The process works by first selecting the animals to extract(提取)the stem cells from.The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield.The next step is proliferation,in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply.When the cells reach appropriate numbers,the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells.____69____
“This product marks a major step forward for us and for the cultured meat industry in general,”said Arik Kaufman,CEO of Steakholder Foods.“It is the result of a lot of hard work and our desire to achieve the highest level of meat possible through bioprinting and cell culture processes.”
____70____Its patent for3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its3D printing engineers and cell biologists.“We see Omakase Beef Morsels as the combination of food,technology and fine art,”Kaufman said.“We want to inspire chefs around the world to create delicious masterpieces and unforgettable dining experiences.”
So there you have it,guilt-free meat eating may be just around the corner.
A.The company has already achieved several milestones since it was founded.
B.Its goal is to create sustainable meat products to replace meats such as beef,chicken and even fish.
C.The layers of meat and fat can be regrouped in different proportions to create different flavor experiences.
D.Additionally,producing meat without having to raise and kill cattle may work out better for ensuring animal welfare and overall health.
E.The meat product is the first of its kind and was created using a specific3D-bioprinting technology that was recently patented by the company.
F.In the final steps,the muscle cells and fat cells are turned into meat,ready to be processed into the final product,whether it’s a burger,steak,or even a meatloaf.
3.奉贤区
At a Loss for Words
Imagine a friend is heading out to face a difficult task.As a last word before they disappear,you want to encourage them.What might you say?If you are speaking English,the likeliest choice is“good luck”.
If you stop to think about it,that is a little odd.Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability.____47____That is why the French,in this situation, say“bon courage”,not“good luck”.
English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression.You may wish someone“good morning”,“good afternoon”or“good night”,but not“good weekend”.____48____ However,in other languages it is perfectly usual.
____49____English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday,but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations”as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year.The Dutch also say“gefeliciteerd”to members of the family,including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother.This is close to obligatory(义务的)，while it would come as a strange surprise in English.
It is tempting to draw deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language.____50____For example,the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon a
ppétit, and there’s no reason to stop there.Congratulate your mother-in-law on your wife’s birthday,and you can prepare for a delighted smile back.It may seem awkward or tricky at first but you can make it stick if you try.
A.Special occasions are another way in which languages differ.
B.It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you think necessary.
C.What you really want to wish them is courage not fortune.
D.Having no English equivalent is annoying for those who are used to it.
E.You can say that phrase if you like,but your neighbour would look at you strangely.
F.But not having a word for something doesn’t mean you can’t coin one—or borrow it.
Social Engineering
When using social media,many users may not be thinking of the social engineering implications that can arise with too much over-sharing of personal information.However,what people share in posts can paint a very vivid picture of a person–which can then be misused by hackers.
“____47____Social engineering is the number one cause of most spiteful data breaches(泄露),”said Roger Grimes,data-driven defense specialist at cyber security firm KnowBe4.“Nothing else is even close, percentage-wise,”Grimes warned,“Nearly every organization could best improve their cyber security defense plans if they focused far more on reducing the likelihood of social engineering.No other single defense could do more to protect an organization against hacking and malware(恶意软件).”
“Every organization should look to see what they can improve in their defense-in-depth ,policies, technical defenses,and education)to defeat social engineering.It is because almost no organization appropriately focuses the necessary resources and training against social engineering that allows hackers and malware to be so long-term successful.____48____”
The security experts warn that even in the context of“social media,”users shouldn’t let their guard down. ____49____“As individuals,we are aware of the personal threats posed by cyber attacks directed against us,”suggested Erfan,cyber security expert at data security Comforte AG.“To avoid being victimized,it’s best to operate under the mindset that footprints exist everywhere and can never be completely wiped out.”
“As members of businesses and organizations,we know that enterprise data is always a tempting target for hackers,”Erfan continued.“____50____Preventing attacks and breaches is not100percent fool-proof,so we can only hope that big techs have instituted the measures of data-centric security applied directly to data in case that sensitive information falls into the wrong hands.”
A.In fact,this is where users should actually adopt a more cautious attitude.
B.The recent attack against Twitter should underscore the need for data-centric security.
C.For developers,this vulnerability also shows there’s still a need for proper input validation and ensure that any request is authorized.
D.Hackers love that defenders are distracted and don’t focus appropriate resources on the number one threat.
E.Organizations should make a joint effort to protect the sensitive data from exploitation.
F.This is just one more example of the success of social engineering used by hackers.
How to show others you care
The idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new.Studies have shown that prosocial behavior—basically,voluntarily helping others—can help lower people’s daily stress levels,and that simple acts of connection,like texting a friend,mean more than many of us realize.___47___
“I have found that kindness can be a really hard sell,”said Tara Cousineau,a clinical psychologist,“People desire kindness yet often feel troubled by the thought of being kind.”___48___They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted,or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.
___49___Jennifer Oldham,who lost her9-year-old daughter Hallie in July,recently created a Facebook group—Keeping Kindness for Hallie—that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie’s honor.“It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients,”said Ms.Oldham.
If you are not already in the habit of performing random kind acts,or if it does not come naturally to you, start by thinking about what you like to do.It’s not about you being like,‘Oh man,now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice’.It’s about:___50___And how can you turn that into an offering for other people?
A.What skills and talents do you already have?
B.Stress can also keep people from being kind to others.
C.Why are recipients less likely to appreciate a random act of kindness?
D.But an act of kindness is unlikely to fail,and in some instances it can create even more kindness.
E.People who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it.
F.But researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
6.嘉定区
Out-of-control SpaceX Rocket
A SpaceX rocket is now headed directly for the moon after spending almost seven years flying through space,experts say.The rocket was originally launched to send a space weather satellite to the Lagrange point—

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