华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
脉冲放电产生医用一氧化氮混合气中二氧化氮的去除方法研究
姓名：***
申请学位级别：硕士
专业：环境工程
指导教师：***
20060507
摘要∗
在20世纪80年代，一氧化氮(NO)被确认是血管内皮衍生的舒张因子，具有选择性松弛血管平滑肌、降低肺动脉压力的作用，临床吸入低浓度的NO（3-20ppm）可用来急性、肺动脉高压等与肺相关的疾病。当前的医用NO一般是储存在钢瓶中（500-800ppm），在使用过程中存在使用不便、稀释时易泄
漏等问题。本文采用脉冲电弧放电产生一氧化氮，经净化处理达到医用标准(NO2<3ppm，NO2/NO<5%)，设计了一台救治仪样机，并进行了相关的动物试验。
尝试了多种吸附剂，包括木炭、竹炭、柱状活性炭、颗粒活性炭、钠碱石灰、3A分子筛、4A分子筛、5A分子筛、13X分子筛等对NO2的选择性吸附作用，发现竹炭、木炭和柱状活性炭对NO2有优良的选择性吸附性能，放电产生的NO经净化后完全可以达到医用的标准。对竹炭、木炭和柱状活性炭进行了比表面积和孔径测试，发现柱状活性炭的比表面积最大，孔径多为微孔(<2nm)和中孔(2-50nm)；木炭比表面积只有柱状活性炭的一半，孔径多为微孔和大孔(>50nm)，极少中孔；竹炭的比表面积最小，只有少许微孔。并对几种吸附剂进行了表面改性，试验了改性后的吸附剂对NO2的吸附性能。
设计了一套催化还原装置，研究了钼丝还原NO2的活性、选择性和寿命。到了最佳的活性温度为450℃－550℃。研究了木炭和活性炭对NO2的还原性，并尝试以其为载体通过浸渍的方法负载Cu+或Cu0，研究了它们在不同温度下对NO2的催化还原活性。
应用研制的救治仪样机，和华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院呼吸科合作进行了40例动物实验，发现NO和氧气混合使用的确可改善动物的呼吸状况，为今后做人体试验打下了基础。
使用Fluent软件对几种不同结构的放电室内部流场进行了数值模拟，设计了与脉冲电源搭配合理的放电室结构。
关键词：脉冲放电一氧化氮吸附催化还原动物试验流场
∗国家自然科学基金项目（50347009），国家科技攻关SARS专项基金（2003A12）
Abstract∗
Nitric oxide was identified as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) at 1987, which can relax the blood vessel selectively, reduce the pressure of artery of lung. Inhaling NO at low concentration (3-20ppm) can be used to cure acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), high blood pressure and some illnesses related to lung. The medical NO at present is deposited in a cylinder at high concentration (500-800ppm), which is discommodious and easy to leak out when diluting. The present study produce nitric oxide by pulsed arc discharge, which can meet the clinical standard of NO2<3ppm，NO2/NO<5% by a purifying process, and an apparatus for curing acute respiratory distress syndrome was designed, as well as some applications to animals were finished.
Some kinds of sorbent, including the charcoal, the bamboo-charcoal, the columnar activate carbon, the particle active carbon, the natrium-soda lime, the 3A molecule sieve, the 4A molecule sieve, the 5A molecule sieve, the 13X molecule sieve and so on were studied to absorb NO2 selectively. The result shows that the bamboo-charcoal, the charcoal and Columnar Activated Carbon could absorb NO2 gre
reactor pressure vesselatly, which could purify NO produced by discharge to meet the requirement for clinical application. The BET and BJH test of the bamboo-charcoal, the charcoal, the columnar activate carbon showed that the columnar activate carbon had the largest surface area, most of pores were micropore and mesopore; the charcoal was only a half of surface area compared with the columnar activate carbon, most of pores were micropore and macropore; the bamboo-charcoal had the least surface area, most of pores were micropore.Several sorbent were dipped in sodium hydroxide and ammonia to change their surface groups for a better selectivity of adsorption of NO2.
A catalytic reactor was designed, and the activity, the selectivity, and the lifetime of molybdenum to reduce NO2 were studied. Reducing NO2 by charcoal and active carbon was carried out, and Cu+ or Cu0 was loaded by dipping; their activities to reduce NO2 were studied.
∗ The National Nature Science Foundation of China. Grant No. 50347009, The National Scientific and Technological Foundation of China. Grant No. 2003A12
With the apparatus of curing acute respiratory distress syndrome, 40 cases of animal s were applied to inhale NO in the branch of pulmonary in Xiehe hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.The result shows that inhaling NO and O2 indeed could improve the status of animals, which pave the way for the application to people.
The flow distribution of some different structures of discharge reactor were simulated with the software of fluent 6.1, an optimized structure of discharge reactor was designed.
Keywords: pulsed arc discharge nitric oxide flow distribution
adsorption reduction application to animals
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