科技报告导读科技创新导报 Science and Technology Innovation Herald 171complex viscosity reduction enzymes was screened. Under the function of these enzymes, viscosity of sweet potato,cassava and canna was reduced by 90%. In terms of microbe, 8 strains of yeast were screened, and then acclimation to high temperature and high concentration of ethanol was carried out. The mechanism of stress tolerance of these yeasts was investigated, and the results would be benefit to better performance of these yeasts. In terms of fermentation technology , one fermentation stimulant was developed. Under the function of this stimulant,12% ethanol could be produced within 24h. In terms of reactor , novel reactor with high performance and low energy consumption was developed, which could blend high viscosity sweet potato mash well. After system integration, these technologies were applied to 30,000t scale of production line in the biggest ethanol plants in southwest of China. Fermentation time was reduced from more than 60h to less than 30h, ethanol concentration was increased from 5%～6% to 12%, and ferment efficiency was enhanced from 88% to 90%. These changes of parameters could enhance productivity of facilities, and decrease energy consumption significantly .
Key Words ：Fuel Ethanol;Viscosity;Non-grain Materialreactor technology
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微结构光纤的创新设计、精确制备及其标准化
杨四刚1 罗文勇2 张巍1
(1.清华大学;2.武汉邮电科学研究院)
摘 要：该研究形成了具有自主知识产权的微结构光纤制备的工艺技术体系，并构建了微结构光纤的科学制备流程，可实现基于定制型的微结构光纤的结构功能优化和精确制备，并完成了可用于精细化控制微结构光纤拉制的窄温场拉丝塔建设，可用于实现微结构光纤的初步规模化生产；基于微结构光纤的超强抗弯的技术研究，提出了超强抗弯光纤的企业标准，将抗弯光纤的弯曲半径提升到2 mm，超过当前国际ITU-T最高水平的一倍以上的水平，在微结构光纤的功能的标准化方面做出了初步的探索；自主设计了零散波长在1060 nm的光子晶体光纤，在武汉邮电科学研究院进行了实际制作。实验研究证明，制作出的光子晶体光纤在1060 nm波段泵浦时可以提供显著的参量增益。利用制作的光子晶体光纤，成功实现了输出波长在1.0μm波段连续可调的光纤参量振荡器，波长调谐范围从890～1270 nm；基于双零散微结构光纤，同时产生了可见散波和中红外散波，利用可见波段的散波和800 nm泵浦波之间的交叉相位调制作用，产生了200～400 nm的紫外光；因此实现了在近红外和可见光、紫外光的大跨度波长变换；在先期工作基础上提出并论证了发展光纤基实用化偏振纠缠双光子源的全保偏方案，以此为基础发展出光纤基偏振纠缠双光子源实验样机，并提供中科大量子物理与量子信息相关研究组试用。进一
步的，提出并论证了在同一保偏光纤中实现两可预报单光子源，并实验实现了输出光子间的HOM干涉。这一工作论证了光纤基量子光源输出量子态的量子相干特性，对于后续开展光纤基量子光源的实际应用研究具有重要意义；在先期工作以完成布拉格光纤气体传感应用的基础上，创新地将聚合物光纤拉丝工艺与反谐振太赫兹波导的制备工作相结合，制备出光滑薄壁聚合物太赫兹波导管，实验论证了该波导在太赫兹波段具有优良的多模导波性能。进一步提出了一种新型自支撑反谐振太赫兹波导结构，理论和实验表明该结构在大带宽范围内低损耗导波，并具有单模太赫兹导波特性。这是首个报道的支持单模传输的大孔径反谐振太赫兹波导设计，具有重要的学术和应用价值。
关键词：微结构光纤  精确制备  标准化  波长变换  量子光源
Annual Report of Innovative Design、Accurate Fabrication and Standardization of
Microstructured Fiber
Yang Sigang 1 Luo Wenyong 2 Zhang Wei 1
(1.Tsinghua University; 2.Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications)
Abstract ：Thefabricationtechnology architecture of microstructured fibers with independent intellectual property rights has been obtained. A scientific fabrication process has also been built up. T
he microstructured fiber can be fabricated with the structural parameters coincided well with the theoretical design. A fiber drawing tower with narrow temperature field has also been developed. All these progresses can be used for large-scale production. Based on the theoretical and experimental investigations of bend insensitive optical fiber with ultra-high anti-bending performance, a corporation standard has been brought forward. The bending radius can be reduced to be only 2 mm, which is only half of the value specified by ITU. Primary works have been done for functional standardization. Microstructured fibers with zero dispersion wavelengths located at 1060 nm are designed and fabricated. In experiment, significant parametric gain can be obserevd with the fibers pumped near 1060 nm. Continuously tuned parametric oscillator is achieved in 1.0 μm wavelength band, and the output wavelength can be tuned from 890 nm to 1270 nm. Based on a PCF with two zero dispersion wavelengths designed and fabricated by us, giant dispersive waves are generated at visible and mid-infrared wavelength regions simultaneously . Based on the
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科技创新导报 Science and Technology Innovation Herald 172技报告导读
cross phase modulation between the visible dispersive wave and the pump wave at 800 nm, ultraviolet light can be generated in the wavelength region from 200 nm to 400 nm. Large span wavelength conversion from the infrared band to the visible light and even to ultraviolet band has been realized. A polarization maintaining scheme of fiber based polarization entangled photon pair sources is proposed and demonstrated. Based on the scheme, a prototype of practical quantum light source is developed and provided to research teams of quantum information for testing. Furthermore, a scheme of fiber based dual-heralded photon sources (D-HSPSs) is proposed and demonstrated. The HOM interferences between the output photons of the two HSPSs is realized. A fabrication process of THz fiber is proposed and demonstrated. It can fabricate anti-resonance THz pipe with thin wall and smooth surface. Experiments showe that the thin wall pipe support low loss multimode THz transmission. Furthermore, a self-supporting anti-resonance THz waveguide structure is proposed and demonstrated. It can support low loss wide band single mode THz transmission.
Key Words ：Microstructuredfiber;Accurate Fabrication;Standardization;Wavelength Conversion;Quantum Light Source
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云计算中虚拟数据中心的服务质量的优化控制
林闯
(清华大学)
摘 要：在云计算日趋流行的背景下，虚拟数据中心以其灵活、低成本、易部署等方面的优势，成为云基础设施的首选。服务调度和资源分配作为虚拟数据中心的核心问题，其性能和效率直接影响着上层云服务质量。而系统虚拟化特性和机制给服务调度和资源分配问题的研究带来了新的挑战。围绕虚拟数据中心服务调度和资源分配问题，以理论模型、机制设计和特性分析为重点，开展深入研究。阶段性成果包括以下内容：(1)对虚拟数据中心体系结构和系统虚拟化机制进行抽象，采用层次化的思想，利用随机Petri网模型和组合模型相结合的方法，建立了虚拟数据中心的数学模型，对系统虚拟化引入的服务器整合和动态迁移等特性和机制进行描述和分析，并量化评价了虚拟数据中心的可信赖性。(2)提出了虚拟数据中心的服务调度框架，并建立了以优化可用性和响应时间为目标的虚拟数据中心服务调度的一般数学模型。首次引入一型和二型模糊逻辑系统解决虚拟化的动态特性和可用性需求的不确定性带来的模糊性，在此基础上提出了一种虚拟数据中心的服务调度算法。与传统的调度算法相比，该算法能够更好的保证可用性，同时实现了更好的响应时间性能。(3)着眼于数据中心的能耗和负载均衡，提出了虚拟数据中心资源分配问题的最优化数学模型。借助于经典的多维装箱问题，并有效应对异构资源需求和能耗特性带来的复杂性，设计了能耗优化的虚拟数据中心资源分配近似算法。实现了降低能耗，提高资源利用率，同时达到良好的负载均衡。(4)总结出了三种典型的虚拟数据中心管理系统结构。结合虚拟数据中心
的特性和机制，对三种不同的虚拟数据中心管理系统的性能和可靠性进行了建模，并进行了量化分析比较。提出了为构建虚拟数据中心管理系统选择适当结构的几条基本原则，为虚拟数据中心工程实践提供理论指导和参考。
关键词：云计算  虚拟数据中心  服务调度  资源分配Improvements on Service Scheduling and Resource Provisioning of the Virtual Data Center
in Cloud Computing-General Technology Report
Lin Chuang
(Tsinghua University)
Abstract ：Focusing on the model, scheme design and performance analysis, this report carry on an intensive research on the service scheduling and resource provisioning of virtual data center . The work is summarized as follows:(1)Taking the hierarchy methodology , the model of virtual data center is built combining the stochastic petri nets and combinatorial model, based on the abstract of virtual data center structure and virtualization mechanisms. The characteristics and mechanisms of system virtualization are studied and analyzed, and the dependability of virtual data center is evaluated.(2)The
framework model of service scheduling of virtual data center is proposed, and the optimization model is built with availability and responsiveness as the optimization objects. In order to overcome the scheduling difficulties caused by the uncertain workload of virtualized server nodes and the vagueness of availability , a graceful fuzzy prediction method based on the type-I and type-II fuzzy logic systems is first given. Then a novel dynamic scheduling algorithm named SALAF is designed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm SALAF can improve the total availability of the virtual data center while providing good responsiveness performance.(3)Aiming at the requirement of energy conservation and load balance, the optimization model of the resource provisioning is built. By defining the concept of energy marginal cost to relieve the complexity of heterogeneous resource demands and energy profits, an Energy-Efficient Dynamic Resource Provisioning (E2DRP) algorithm is proposed, by means of the multi-dimensional bin packing problem. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can improve energy efficiency , meanwhile achieve better server utilization and load-balance.(4)Three typical structures of the virtual data center management system (VDMS) are summarized, which are centralized, hierarchical and peer-to-peer structures. And the performance and reliability of the . All Rights Reserved.

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