主谓一致
1．在一般现在时中，若主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词则要加-s或-es, 具体变化同名词的单数变复数。如：
He goes to school at 8 every morning. 不说：He go….
1)单数第三人称作主语的词包括：
单数人称代词：he, she, it
不定代词：each, everyone
人名：John, Bill Gates等。
普通单数名词：my brother, English等。
2）单数动词的变化有：be—is; have—has; 其他动词在词尾加-s或-es, 具体变化同名词的单数变复数，work—works, study--studies。
若主语是单数第一、第二人称或复数，则谓语动词永原形，不需要加-s或-es.常见的这样的主语有：单数人称代词：I, you  复数人称代词：we, you, they 复数名词：students, books等。
2．在助动词或情态动词后面，直接接动词原型。
a. She can sing in English.   
b. He goes to school early. / He doesn’t go to school early.
3．There be 句型的主谓一致。研究下列句子：
There is a book on the desk.    There are two books on the desk.
There be 句型是一倒装结构，因此谓语动词的单复数要与be动词后面的名词一致。
4．“数量词+名词”结构的主谓一致
只与可数名词连用
只接单数的
One
Each
every
One boy
Each boy
Every boy
单数谓语
Every boy is smart.
Every boy has a gift.
Every boy studies hard.
只接复数的
Two, three, etc.
Both
A couple of
A few
Few
Several
Many
A number of
Two boys
Both boys
A couple of boys
A few boys
Few boys
Several boys
Many boys
A number of boys
复数谓语
Many boys are smart.
Many boys have a gift.
Many boys study hard.
只与不可数名词连用
A little
Little
Much
A great deal of
A large amount of
A little water
Little water
Much water
A great deal of water
A large amount of water
单数谓语
Much water is clean.
Much water has bacteria.
与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用均可
Not any
Some
A lot of
Lots of
Plenty of
Most
all
Not any boys, not any water
Some boys, some water
A lot of boys, a lot of water
Lots of boys, lots of water
Plenty of boys, plenty of water
Most boys, most water
All boys, all water
接可数复数名词时用复数谓语；接不可数名词时用单数谓语。
Some water is clean.
Some boys are smart.
在上述数量词中，有些还可以接of 短语连用。具体用法如下：
All/most/some/any of + 特指限定词+复数可数或不可数名词
Most of my/these/the/John’s books are interesting.
Most of the information is useless.
Many/a few/few/several/both/two/three/of +特指限定词+复数可数名词
Many of these students are good at English.
总的规则：
接可数复数名词时用复数谓语；接不可数名词时用单数谓语。
Much/a little/little of +特指限定词+不可数名词
Much of the water is wasted
One of     
Each of      + 特指限定词+复数可数名词+单数谓语
Every one of 
One of my students is good at English.
Every one of my students is good at English.
5．单数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词形式的关系
一般来说,单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,这个符合英语中的语法上一致原则。但此种情况也有例外。现在详细归纳如下：
1）Many a +名词单数，虽为复数概念，但谓语用单数。
a.There is many an error that he has neglected.
b.Many a man and (many a) woman has wished that he or she had had a better education. (Many men and women have….)
2)More than one+可数名词单数，是复数概念，但谓语用单数。
a.There is more than one answer to this question.
b.More than one topic has been discussed at the meeting.
与此类似的另一个结构：more+复数名词+than one, 谓语用复数。
a.More topics than one have been discussed at the meeting.
b.More persons than one were killed.
3) a+单数名词+or two作主语，谓语用单数。
One or two+复数名词，谓语用复数。
a.A word or two is misused in the sentence.
b.One or two words are misused in the sentence.
    4) 对于集体名词，如：party, crowd, class, team, family, crew, government, committee, audience, public等，则要视情况而定：
a.若集体名词被看成一个整体，则用单数谓语。
b.若集体名词被看成是有具体若干成员组成的，则用复数谓语。
试比较：
The public is the best judge.
The public are requested to write down their names in this book.
He has joined the football team who are all famous footballers.
A football team which keeps on training hard is more likely to win.
There was a large audience in the great hall.
sort of和kind of的区别The audience were excited.
但集体名词：police, militia(民兵)，cattle, people等总是接复数动词，而mankind, humanity接单数动词。
  Police in Guangdong Province are investigating an organized cheating operation in Dianbai Country of the province during national college entrance exams.
5) 定冠词the+adj. 或过去分词
（1）若表示抽象概念，谓语用单数。（见a,b,c句）
（2）表示一类人，则为复数概念，谓语用复数。（见d,e句）
（3）有时根据上下文来判断。（见f,g句）
a.The good in him overweight the bad. (抽象概念)他身上的优点比缺点多。
b.The best is yet to come.
c.The beautiful is not always the same as the good.
d.The blind are unfortunate.
e.The oppressed are to rise one day.
f.The deceased was his mother. (表示单个的人)
g.The deceased were ten farmers.
6. 复数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词形式的关系
  这种情况下，谓语动词形式不能一概而论。不过一条原则是：
  （1）若复数形式的名词表示的是复数概念，则显然要接复数谓语；
  （2）若复数形式的名词表示的是单数的概念，或将其看成一个整体部分，则用单数谓语。
        这么说来，在这种情况下，我们主要采用意义一致的原则来判断主谓一致。
  1）常见的表示成对概念的复数名词，如：pants, trousers, scissors, scales（天平），glasses, binoculars(双筒望远镜)，spectacles, bifocals（双光眼镜）。谓语动词用复数。
Where are my glasses?
  2)形式上是复数（词尾加s）,但表示单数概念的词，谓语用单数。
Works(工厂)、gallows(绞刑架)、politics, statistics, measles, diabetes
a.Politics is often a popular topic among people.
b.Statistics is a science.
单若politics, statistics不表示学科，而分别表示“政治观点”，“统计数据”时，则需要复数。
Statistics prove that….
What are your politics?
3)表示时间, 重量,数额的复数名词作主语，我们通常将它们看成一个整体，故谓语用单数。
a.The years is a moment in history.
b.One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor.
c.Two tons is enough.
d.The difference between America and England is, the English think 100 miles is a long distance and Americans think 100 years is a long time.
值得注意的是,若“数词”单用，表示人或物，谓语动词一般用复数。
a.Ten were killed and five were missing and several were severely wounded in that accident.
b.Few know the fact.
  4)复数的专有名词后面都接复数谓语动词：
a.The Great Lakes are a series of five lakes between the USA and Canada.
不过特殊的有：the United Nations, the United States均看作一个整体，故用单数谓语动词。

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