主谓一致要点归纳
山西 高继英
英语中，句子的谓语动词要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。一般来说，主谓一致要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。
语法一致原则就是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定；
意义一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式决定，即使主语的形式是复数但意义上是单数的话，谓语动词也要用单数形式；
就近原则是指谓语动词的形式由靠近它的名词的数决定。下面就主谓一致中需要注意的几方面进行归纳讲解。
一 . 以 s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 如果以 s 结尾的名词表示的是学科或国家时，句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
Physics is such a difficult subject that I can't understand it .
The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries .
2. 有些以 s 结尾的名词表示两个对称部分组成的事物，如 trousers , shoes , glasses , scissors 等，它们单独作主语时谓语动词要用复数，但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of 等修饰时，则谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
My shoes are the gifts from my grand - mother .
This kind of shoes is very popular this summer .
3. 有些以 s 结尾的名词如 goods （货物）， arms （武器）， clothes （衣服）， thanks （感谢）等只作复数用，作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
All the goods were shipped from America .
All the arms you want have been prepared .
4. 一些单复数形式相同的以 s 结尾的名词如 means （方法）， works （工厂）， headquarters （总部）等作主语时，如果强调单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调
复数意义，则谓语用复数形式。
如：
All the means have been tried to save the patient .
The quickest means of travel is by plane .
二 . 集体名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 只能作不可数名词的集体名词如 furniture （家具）， machinery （机器）， equipment （设备）等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory .
All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong . sort of和kind of的区别
2. 只能用作复数的集体名词如 people , police , cattle （牲畜）等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
The working people are brave and great .
The police were searching the area for two thieves .
3. 还有一些既可以用作复数又可以用作单数的集体名词，如 team , class , family , club , government , public 等作主语时，如果强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体成员，则谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
My family is a happy one .
All my family are fond of taking exercise .
三 . 由 and 连接的两个名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. and 连接的两个名词若表示不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式，若表示同一事物或一个整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school .
The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school .
War and peace is always the topic for the people all over the world .
2. 如果 and 连接的两个名词前有 each , every , no 等词修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
Each girl and each boy has a chance to ask a question .
No parent and child was late for the sports meeting .
四 . 数量词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 表示具体数量的名词词组作主语强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调个体则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book .
There are twenty dollars on the desk .
2. “分数 / 百分数 +of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由名词的单复数形式决定。如：
Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to universities .
Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river .
3. “ all / some / most / none of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数形式决定，但“ none of+ 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。如：
All the leaders were present at the meeting .
None of your answers is / are right .
4. “ many a / more than one + 单数名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Many a student has passed this difficult exam .
5. “ a number of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，而“ the number of + 名词”作主语时谓语用单数。如：
A number of boy students are football fans .
The number of the students in this school has been increasing these years .
6. “ a / this kind / type / sort 等 + of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但“复数名词 +of +a / this kind / type / sort ”等作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
This kind of men is dangerous .
Men of this kind are dangerous .
五 . 由 or , not only … but also …， either … or …， neither … nor … , not … but …等连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据就近原则来确定。如：
You or he is going to be sent to study abroad .
He or we are going to be sent to study abroad .
六 . “名词 + 介词 / 介词短语（ with , together with , along with , as well as 等） + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由介词前的名词的单复数形式决定。如：
Tom as well as his parents enjoys fishing .
You as well as your brother have been accepted .
七 . 主语从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
What we can't get seems better than what we have .
Taking more exercise is good for your health .
八 . 定语从句中，当先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语与先行词的人称和数保持一致；但“ one of + 名词复数”作先行词时，如在 one 前有 the , the very , the only 等词修饰时，从句谓语动词要用单数形式，若没有，则用复数形式。如：
He is one of the students who have been praised by the headmaster .
He is the only one of the students who has been praised by the headmaster .
九 . there be 句型中， be 的单复数形式由其后的名词决定，如果有两个或两个以上的名词，则按就近原则决定。如：
There is only a desk in the room .
There is only a desk and two chairs in the room .

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