名师小结：Unit5词汇详解
1. kind : “this/that kind/sort/type of + 单数或复数名词”做主语时，其谓语动词一般用单数形式，而在比较正式的用语中，复数名词可放在前面，即：单/复数名词+ of + this/kind, 这时谓语动词由名词的数来决定，因为此时名词已成为中心词。
This kind of questions is very difficult to answer.= Questions of this kind are very difficult to answer.
That kind of shoes is fashionable.= Shoes of that kind are fashionable.
表示数量的短语：
a great deal of/ an amount of “大量的”， 后加不可数名词
｛a good /great many｝a number of “大量的”只修饰可数名词
a lot of/ plenty of/ a quantity of 许多/ the rest “剩余的”‖即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。
Quantities of food were supplied to the area of being flooded.
A large quantity of beer has been sold.
This kind of questions is very difficult to answer.= Questions of this kind are very difficult to answer.
That kind of shoes is fashionable.= Shoes of that kind are fashionable.
表示数量的短语：
a great deal of/ an amount of “大量的”， 后加不可数名词
｛a good /great many｝a number of “大量的”只修饰可数名词
a lot of/ plenty of/ a quantity of 许多/ the rest “剩余的”‖即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。
Quantities of food were supplied to the area of being flooded.
A large quantity of beer has been sold.
2. by （1）在近处（位置）He would stand by the window for a few hours.
(2) （示移动方向）沿，经，由，从旁边经过 I passed by me without noticing me.
I go the house every day.
(3)不迟于 ,在…以前
Will you finish the task by tomorrow? By this time tomorrow he will be here.
(4) （表示方法、手段） 由，靠，通过 They intended to leave by the first train.
(5) 相差（数目或程度） His horse won by a noise. …以仅有的一点优势…
I was late by ten minutes.
(6) 表示大小，次第，逐一 The students entered 2 by 2 . Time went by little by little.
(7) (表示关系) 就…来说He is an Englishman by birth. She is a doctor by profession.职业医生
相关短语
(2) （示移动方向）沿，经，由，从旁边经过 I passed by me without noticing me.
I go the house every day.
(3)不迟于 ,在…以前
Will you finish the task by tomorrow? By this time tomorrow he will be here.
(4) （表示方法、手段） 由，靠，通过 They intended to leave by the first train.
(5) 相差（数目或程度） His horse won by a noise. …以仅有的一点优势…
I was late by ten minutes.
(6) 表示大小，次第，逐一 The students entered 2 by 2 . Time went by little by little.
(7) (表示关系) 就…来说He is an Englishman by birth. She is a doctor by profession.职业医生
相关短语
by doing sth 通过做某事（来达到目的）
little by little 一点一点，逐渐地，慢慢地
by the time 到那时为止
by the time 到那时为止
sort of和kind of的区别by air/sea/land/car/bus/bike/plane 乘…
by means of 用,依靠
by the way 顺便问一下
by the way 顺便问一下
by the hour/the week/the year以小时、周、年来记报酬
call sb by name 叫某人的名字
call sb by name 叫某人的名字
know sb by name 知道某人的名字
by far …得多， 最…
day by day 日复一日 by oneself 独自 by hand 用手 by mistake 弄错
day by day 日复一日 by oneself 独自 by hand 用手 by mistake 弄错
3. do you think 常做插入语，句子以特殊问词开头，且用陈述语序
What do you think her address is?
What do you think her address is?
（1） 类似的用法： do you believe , do you imagine, do you expect 等，但do you know 无此用法。
（2）表示“相信，认为”的结构，常用 I think /suppose/ expect/ imagine/ hope…so .
I suppose /expect/hope/ guess /believe not . I don’t think so.
(3)否定转移结构： think, believe, suppose, expect , feel , imagine 等
I don’t think he will come here today. He doesn’t feel he can stand it much longer.
反义疑问句： 若主语是第一人称，谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose等时，反义问句的谓语动词及主语要与从句保持一致。 I don’t think he is serious, ____________?
He doesn’t feel it is wise to give a child whatever he want, __________________?
例：I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,____?
A hadn’t you B wouldn’t you C aren’t I D didn’t she
I suppose /expect/hope/ guess /believe not . I don’t think so.
(3)否定转移结构： think, believe, suppose, expect , feel , imagine 等
I don’t think he will come here today. He doesn’t feel he can stand it much longer.
反义疑问句： 若主语是第一人称，谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose等时，反义问句的谓语动词及主语要与从句保持一致。 I don’t think he is serious, ____________?
He doesn’t feel it is wise to give a child whatever he want, __________________?
例：I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,____?
A hadn’t you B wouldn’t you C aren’t I D didn’t she
4. adjust
(1) 调节/调整(使适合) I must adjust my watch; it’s slow. Your collar need adjusting.整理
(2) 使适应/ 适应 It took her quite a long time to adjust to living alone in a foreign country.
近义词： adapt to
其中to是介词，后接v-ing形式
(2) 使适应/ 适应 It took her quite a long time to adjust to living alone in a foreign country.
近义词： adapt to
其中to是介词，后接v-ing形式
类似的短语： devote…to /be devoted to , make contributions to , be/get used to , be accustomed to , look forward to, pay attention to, get down to , lead to, stick to , object to, in addition to , on the way to , turn to, belong to , reply to, see to (负责，照看) 等
5. experience (1)（U） 经验 Mike is a man of much/ rich experience.
Mr Black , a friend of my father’s , is a teacher with 30 years’ experience.
(2) (C ) 经历，阅历 Our journey by camel was an unforgettable experience.
(3) V 经历，感受I have experienced what hardship means. 我体验过艰苦生活。
Our country has experienced great changes in the last 30 years.
experienced 有经验的， educated 受过教育的， skilled 技术熟练的experiment 实验
Mr Black , a friend of my father’s , is a teacher with 30 years’ experience.
(2) (C ) 经历，阅历 Our journey by camel was an unforgettable experience.
(3) V 经历，感受I have experienced what hardship means. 我体验过艰苦生活。
Our country has experienced great changes in the last 30 years.
experienced 有经验的， educated 受过教育的， skilled 技术熟练的experiment 实验
6. board (1) V You’d better board the train now. It’s time to leave.
(2) V 食宿 I’m boarding with a friend. 我和一个朋友一块住。
(3) n 长薄且扁平的木板（常用于合成词） blackboard notice board chessboard
(4) n 膳食费用 I paid $ 10 a week for board and lodging. 我每周付10元的食宿费。
词组：on board 在船上，在飞机上
boarding card 登船（机）票/证boarding house 供食宿的宿舍
(2) V 食宿 I’m boarding with a friend. 我和一个朋友一块住。
(3) n 长薄且扁平的木板（常用于合成词） blackboard notice board chessboard
(4) n 膳食费用 I paid $ 10 a week for board and lodging. 我每周付10元的食宿费。
词组：on board 在船上，在飞机上
boarding card 登船（机）票/证boarding house 供食宿的宿舍
7. (1) It /That/ This is/was the first/second… time that ….后接完成时从句。
It is the first time that I have come to Beijing. That was the last time that I had been there.
(2) It is (high) time that 后接虚拟语气（一般为过去时） It is time that I got up / went home.
(3) for the first time ( 用做时间状语) 与the first time（用做连词，来引导从句）
I came to his office for the first time. The first time he saw her , he fell in love with her.
It is the first time that I have come to Beijing. That was the last time that I had been there.
(2) It is (high) time that 后接虚拟语气（一般为过去时） It is time that I got up / went home.
(3) for the first time ( 用做时间状语) 与the first time（用做连词，来引导从句）
I came to his office for the first time. The first time he saw her , he fell in love with her.
8. dream (1) （n） 梦想，梦 He had a dream of being a teacher.
(2) v 常与 of /about 连用He had ever dreamed of becoming a famous actor.
(3) dream a strange dream 同源宾语 live a happy life
(2) v 常与 of /about 连用He had ever dreamed of becoming a famous actor.
(3) dream a strange dream 同源宾语 live a happy life
9. expect (1) v 预料，期待，预期 I expect that he will pass the examination.
He expects to fail the examination. 他料想无法通过考试。
（2） v 期望、盼望某事，尤指好事发生，常用于进行时态。
I’m expecting a letter.（等） I’m expecting John any minute now. 我现在时时刻刻在等着…
He expects to fail the examination. 他料想无法通过考试。
（2） v 期望、盼望某事，尤指好事发生，常用于进行时态。
I’m expecting a letter.（等） I’m expecting John any minute now. 我现在时时刻刻在等着…
（3）“以为，认为 ”相当于suppose I expect it was the cat that broke the cup.
expected (adj) 预料之中的 unexpected （adj） 未预料到的 expectation （n） 预期
expected (adj) 预料之中的 unexpected （adj） 未预料到的 expectation （n） 预期
指点迷津： （1） hope 表示“祝愿，愿望”不可接复合宾语或双宾语
hope sb sth hope sb to do sth
hope sb sth hope sb to do sth
(2) wish 愿望实现的可能不大，常用虚拟语气。可以说wish sb… 或 wish sb to do sth
(3) expect “期待”，确信某事必将发生。多用于好的事物 expect sb to do sth
expect too much of sb 对某人期望过高 only to be expected 可能发生，相当正常
(4) look forward to “期待，盼望” 其中to 为介词
When he turned professional at the age of 11,Mike__ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. A expected B was expecting C was expected D would be expected
(3) expect “期待”，确信某事必将发生。多用于好的事物 expect sb to do sth
expect too much of sb 对某人期望过高 only to be expected 可能发生，相当正常
(4) look forward to “期待，盼望” 其中to 为介词
When he turned professional at the age of 11,Mike__ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. A expected B was expecting C was expected D would be expected
10. lecture
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