考点05 形容词和副词（核心考点精讲练）
考查在语篇型填空和短文改错中的形容词和副词的句法功能；对形容词和副词的词性转换也是近几年高考考查的重点之一；形容词和副词的比较级也是考查重点。预计2023年高考将会更加注重形容词和副词的句法功能，也会侧重于对形容词和副词的词性转换的考查，另外形容词和副词的比较级也是重点。
1. 掌握形容词和副词的句法功能；
2. 掌握形容词和副词的词性转换基本规律；
3. 掌握在形容词和副词的比较级及其固定句型。
考向一形容词、副词的基本用法
1.形容词的基本用法
在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。
一般情况下，单个的形容词作定语放在被修饰的词之后，形容词短语放在被修饰的词之前。
He is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake.地震后他是那个村子里唯一活着的人。
It is a problem difficult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。
■名师点津
(1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
Light­hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。
(2)有些以­ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。2．副词的基本用法
(1) 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
(2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.
狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。
■名师点津
有些副词，如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。
(安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。
（2）有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。
Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her.
高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。
1. ________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
A. Shy and cautious
B. Sensitive and thoughtful
C. Honest and confident
D. Lighthearted and optimistic
2.Jim went to answer the phone.________，Harry started to prepare lunch.
A. However
B. Nevertheless
C. Besides
D. Meanwhile
3.We only had $100 and that was________to buy a new computer.
A. nowhere near enough
B. near enough nowhere
C. enough near nowhere
D. near nowhere enough
4.When it was his turn to deliver his speech，________，he walked towards the microphone.
A. nervously and embarrassingly
B. nervous and embarrassedly
C. nervously and embarrassing
D. nervous and embarrassed
考向二形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
（一）比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则变化
(1)有少数几个双音节以及­ow，­er，­le结尾的词，既可以加­er和­est, 又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词有：common, clever, simple, quiet, stupid等。
(2)表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite, wonderful等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。有些词不与than连用可用于比较，如be senior to等。
(2)不规则变化
1．原级的用法
(1)“as ＋形容词/副词原级＋as”与“not ＋as/so ＋形容词/副词原级＋as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分
人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。
He doesn't run so/as fast as his younger brother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。
(2)当as ...as 结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： ⎩⎪⎨⎪
⎧
as ＋形容词原级＋a (n )＋可数名词单数＋as as ＋many ＋可数名词复数＋as as ＋much ＋不可数名词＋as
Henry does not have so/as many books as  I have.亨利的书没有我的书多。 2．比较级的用法
(1)“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less ＋多音节形容词/副词原级＋than”结构表示“一方不及另一方……”。
The book is less interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。
(2)“the ＋形容词/副词比较级，the ＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。
The more  interaction the robot has with humans, the more  it learns.机器人与人类交流得越多，它学会
的就越多。
(3)“形容词/副词比较级＋and ＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……”。 It becomes  colder and colder  when winter comes. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷。
(4)“the ＋形容词/副词比较级＋of the two ＋名词”表示“某人或某物是两者中较……的”。 Mike is the taller of the two boys . 迈克是两个男孩中个子比较高的那个。 (5)形容词/副词比较级可以用much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather 等来修饰。 It was also much more than  we could afford, but  far less than  the original asking price. 这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位，但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。 3．最高级的用法
(1)表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构为“the ＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。
The dog has a funny, short tail and certainly the funniest  face of the dogs in the world.这只狗有一条逗人而短的尾巴，它的脸肯定是世上最逗人的狗脸了。
(2)“one of the ＋最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。
This is one of the most important events  in modern history. 这是现代历史上最重要的事件之一。 (3)用
比较级或原级表示最高级含义。 ①“否定词语＋比较级”表示最高级含义。 ①比较级形式表示最高级含义。
比较级＋than ＋⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
any other ＋可数名词单数all (the ) other ＋可数名词复数
anything/anyone else
any of the other ＋可数名词复数
(4)最高级可以用序数词及by far, nearly, almost, much, by no means 等修饰。
1. （2020·新课标II 卷短文改错）See you sooner.
2.（2020·新课标III 卷语法填空）
One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62． (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
3. （2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空）Scientists have responded by  __noting__ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are.
sort of和kind of4. （2017·新课标III 卷·语法填空）He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
5. Believe it or not ，swimming is________as any to lose unwanted weight. A. a way as good            B.as a good way  C. as a way good
D.as good a way
6. —Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success? —Yes ，________！It couldn’t be ________. A. relatively ；better                B. approximately ；worse  C. absolutely ；better
D. fortunately ；worse
【难点释疑】
比较级表示最高级含义
1. 比较级+than any other+可数名词单数
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。 2. 比较级+than all(the) other+可数名词复数
China is larger than all the other Asian countries. 中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。  3. no/+比较级

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