(贵阳专版)2019年中考英语总复习第二部分语法专题突破篇专题14 主谓一致
与there be句型(精讲)试题
主谓一致语法一致
意义一致
就近原则
There be句型
在英语中,句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致,这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单,但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系有以下三个原则的支配:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
1.语法一致
续表
2.意义一致
这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。
3.就近原则
这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。
4.there be 句型
(1)“there +be +sb./sth.+地点”表示“某处有某人或某物”。be 动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的主语时,be 一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致。
(2)“there +be +sb./sth.+地点”的否定形式是在be 动词后面加not ,not any ,no 。 (3)若变为一般疑问句则需要把be 提前到句首。 【注意】
there be 结构有不同的时态,而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如:
There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.过去这两栋楼后面有几所房子。 There was a sports meeting yesterday.昨天举行了一场运动会。
There will be/There is going to be a new film on Monday.星期一将有一场新电影上映。 There have been a lot of accidents around here.这里已经发生了许多起事故。 There must be a mistake somewhere.肯定有某个地方出错了。
,贵阳中考题例及解析
一、选词填空
1.My family ____(is/are)having lunch now.
【解析】答案为are 意义一致原则:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式。 2.Not only the teacher but also his students ____(like/likes)playing football.
【解析】答案为like 就近一致原则:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近它的主语。离动词最近的主语是his students ,动词用like 。
3.Two months ____(is/are)a long holiday.
【解析】答案为is 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。
4.Each boy and each girl ____(has/have)got a seat.
【解析】答案为has 主语是each/every +单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。 二、单项选择
根据语境或句意,选择可填入句子的最佳选项。
sort of和kind of( )1.(2015贵阳中考)—Have you got some water to drink? —Here you are.There____ still some in the bottle.
A.are B.were C.is
【解析】答案为 C 主语some(water)是不可数名词,动词用单数形式。句子的时态是一般现在时,所以选C。
( )2.(2016贵阳中考)____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?
A.Is B.Was C.Were
【解析】答案为C last Friday时间状语说明时态是一般过去时;句子的主语是many American friends,是复数,因而选C。
( )3.(2017贵阳中考)We all know that one of the world's most popular sports ____ football.
A.am B.is C.are
【解析】答案为B 句子是that 引导的宾语从句,在从句中,主语是“one of the world's most popular sports”,是单数,所以谓语动词用is。
( )4.In 1850,about a third of USA ____ covered by forests.
A.were B.has been C.was
【解析】答案为 C “分数或百分数+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式。
,考点抢测
一、词语运用
1.Not only I but also Jane and Mary __have__tired/tire__(tire) of having one examination after another.
2.The number of the people invited __was__(be) fifty,but a number of them __were__(be) absent for different reasons.
3.When and where to build the new factory __hasn't__been__decided__(not decide) yet.
4.Email,as well as telephones,__plays__(play) an important part in daily communication at presen
t.
5.Two fifths of the land in that district __covers__(cover) with trees and grass.
二、单项选择
( C )1.Both Li Lei and Han Meimei ____ fond of the TV program A Bite of China.
A.is B.am C.are
( A )2.Not only my father but also my grandpa ____ flying to Singapore this weekend.
A.is B.are C.was
( A )3.There ____ a basketball match between Class Three and our class in ten minutes.
A.is going to be B.is going to have
C.will have
( A )4.David,there ____ a dictionary and some books on your desk.Please put them away.
A.is B.are C.have
( B )5.Every boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.
A.wish B.wishes C.is like
( A )6.Alice,together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.
A.was punished B.punished
C.were punished
( A )7.The population of China ____ larger than that of any other country in the world.
A.is B.are C.has
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