《论苔丝悲剧的成因》On Causes of Tess’s
Tragedy
摘要：
《德伯家的的苔丝》被认为是哈代的悲剧剧作品的代表作，这也是他的的最著名的悲剧小说。这部部以副标题为“一个纯洁的女女人”的长篇小说于18999年出版，对于这部小说读者者的反应不一。这部小说讲的的是一个乡村女孩苔丝的爱情情故事，她是怎样由一个单纯纯的女孩变成一个杀人犯。爱爱情在苔丝的生活之中扮演十十分重要的角，虽然爱情使使她幸福但同时也给她带来灾灾难。一系列的不幸构成了苔苔丝的生活且慢慢地毁灭了她她的人性。苔丝家的马的死去去是她的首先的不幸，这意味味着苔丝命运的转变。丧失了了家庭的依靠苔丝非常自责，，苔丝对她的家庭的强烈的责责任意识是这部小说的最重要要的部分。自始至终苔丝都是是受害者，她的悲剧是由内外外因素造成的。她被动，屈服服，单纯，缺少怀疑的精神，，所以最容易成为环境，社会会和男性唯心主义的俘虏。尽尽管她一生都在苦苦挣扎与命命运较量，但最终她还是被她她的负罪的自我毁灭意识，对对生命的否定意识和两个残忍忍的男人所击垮。
关键词：：哈代苔丝爱情悲剧纯洁贫穷资本主义社会会
Abstrac t: Tess of the D‟Urber v v illes is ge n n erally rega r ded as Hard y y‟s tragic m a a sterpiece, a a
nd certainl y y it is his m m ost ambitio u u s tragic no v v el. This no v v el, subtitl e e d …A Pure W o o man‟ was fi r st publishe d d in 1891
to a mixed rec e e ption. For H H ardy himsel f, the haunt i ng and trag i c figure of Tess was th e e character w w ho meant th e e most to hi m m. This nove l is basical l y the story of a countr y y girl, Tess whose fate i s tragic an d d in the end she becomes a …tragic h e e roine‟. The book reveal s s Tess‟s lif e e, how the f i rst-present e e d innocent g g irl turns i n n to a tragic heroine. Lo v v e plays an i mportant ro l e in Tess‟s life becaus e e love does n n ot mean hap p p iness to he r but it cau s s es her trag e e dy. Her lif e e is a serie s s of misfort u u nes which s l owly destro y y s her perso n n ality. The f irst misfor t une is of T e e ss‟s family when their h h orse dies i n n a fatal ac c c ident. The d d eath of the horse can b e e interprete d d as the sym b b ol of …chan g g e‟, her lif e e changes in t o a series o o f tragedy. T T ess blames h h erself for l oosing the f amily‟s mea n n s of liveli h h ood. Tess‟s sense of re s s ponsibility for her fam i ly is one o f the book‟s most import a a nt elements.Tess Durbey f ield is a v i ctim of ext e e rnal and un c c omprehended forces. Pas s s ive and yie l ding, unsus p p icious and f undamentall y y pure, she s s uffers a w e e akness of w i ll and reas o o n, struggli n n g against a fate that i s s too strong for her. Te s s s is the ea s s iest victim of circumst a a nce, societ y y and male i d d ealism, who fights the h h ardest figh t yet is des t royed by he r ravaging s e e lf-destruct i ve sense of guilt, life denial and t he cruelty o o f two men.
Key Words:Hardy Te s s s Love T T ragedy pu r e poor c c apitalist s o o ciety
C O O NTENTS
I.
I n n troduction (1)
II. Anal y y sis of the C C auses of Te s s s‟s Tragedy (2)
2.1
Capita l istSociety (2)
2.1.1EconomicPov e e rty (2)
2.11.2 The Unju s s t Law Syste m m (2)
2.1.3 The Hyp o o critical Re l igion and S u u perstition (33)
2.1.4 The H H ypocritical Morality (3)
2.1.5 The C C apitalist E x x ploitation (3)
2.2 The P P oor Family (3)
2.2.1 The D i sintegratio n n of Peasant r y (3)
2.2.2 Th e e .. (44)
2.3 Tess Hers e e lf (4)
2.3.1 Te s s s‟s Beauty (4)
2.3.2 Tess‟s s Purity (4)
2.3.3 Tess‟s Ch a a racter (5)
2.3.44Tess‟s Opi n n ion on Love (6)
2.44Other Pers o o n (7)
2.4.1 A l ec D‟Urberv i lle (77)
2.4.2 Ange l Clare (8)
2.5 Coincidents (99)
sort of的意思III.
Con c c lusion (10)
《论苔苔丝悲剧的成因》
On C C auses of Te s s s‟s Tragedy
I Introduc t ion
Thomas H H ardy(1840-19928)the repr e e sentative o f critical r e e alism was b o o rn and brou g g ht up in Do r set, an agr i cultural di s s trict in th e e south of
E n n gland. Son o o f an archit e e ct, he star t ed out to f o o llow his fa t her‟s profe s s sion. After studying in Dorset and t hen in Lond o o n, he retur n n ed to settl e e down in hi s s native pla c c e. Architec t ure did not really inte r est him so h h e turned to literature.
When Tess o o f the d‟Urb e e rvilles app e e ared in 18911, Thomas Ha r dy was one o o f England‟s leading men of letters.He had alre a a dy authored several wel l known nove l s, includin g g The Return of the Nati v v e, Jude the Obscure, Un d d er the Gree n n wood Tree, T T he Mayor of Casterbridg e e, The Woodl a a nders and n u u merous shor t stories.
D e e spite this s s uccess, the novel was o n n e of Hardy‟s s last. Tess brought him notoriety, i t was consi d d ered quite s s candalous. H H e was deepl y y wounded by some of the particularl y y personal a t tacks he re c c eived from r eviewers of the book. I n n 1892, he w r ote in one o o f his noteb o o oks, quoted in The Late r Y ears of T h h omas Hardy,1892-1928, c c ompiled by F F lorence Emi l y Hardy, “W e e ll, if this sort of thi n n g continues no more nov e e l-writing f o o r me. A man must be a f o o ol to delib e e rately stan d d up to be s h h ot at.”
In s s pite of his reputation,Hardy had d i fficulty fi n n ding a peri o o dical willi n n g to publis h h the book w h h en he offer e e d it for se r ialization t o London‟s l eading revi e e ws. The sub j ect matters    a milkmaid T T ess, who is seduced by A A lec Clare, m m arried and r ejected by A A ngel Clare a a nd eventual l y murdered t he first on e e. It was co n n sidered unf i t for publi c c ations

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