《Of Studies》两种汉译文节选之比较鉴赏
摘要：《Of Studies》是弗朗西斯·培根最具影响力的散文之一。这是一篇经常使用正式语言、言语简洁、古古香和典雅的艺术散文。可以肯定的说,散文美就美在其内容、形式和风格。因此,研究这篇散文和它的译本很有价值。本文将试图从文学的角度比较两种不同的翻译版本形式风格,省略和重复。
关键词：文学的角度；译本；赏析
Comparative Appreciation of Two Extracted Chinese Version of “Of Studies”
Abstract: The prose “Of Studies” is one of the most influential essays of Francis Bacon. It is an artistic prose which frequently uses the formal language and the words are concise, quaint and elegant. It is right to say that the prose is a beauty in content, form and style. Therefore, it is of great value to study it and the translation versions. This article will attempt to compare two different translation versions from the perspective of literary form style, ellipsis and repetition.
Key words: perspective of literary; versions; appreciation
   
   
    一、引言
《Of Studies》是英国散文家弗朗西斯·培根400年前撰写的一篇讨论读书问题的散文杂记，正如荀子的《劝学》一样，亦是世界文学中妇孺皆知的劝学名篇。它一方面用严密的逻辑推理来诉诸读者的理性和智力，另一方面又用深入浅出富于感染力的论点与读者产生感情的共鸣，即“动之以情，晓之以理”，因而也就具备了一般说理性散文“真诚，客观，合乎逻辑”的特征。目前有很多种中文译本，其中有两种译本的影响比较大：一种是由王佐良翻译的《谈读书》（以下简称王译）；另一张是由廖运范翻译的《论读书》（以下简称廖译）。
在翻译的过程中,目标文本不仅应该忠实于最初的意义,但也保持与原文的文学形式风格的通信。第一个版本是王佐良翻译的《谈读书》,他是一个著名的教育家,语言学家,作家。他也是一个富有成效的译者翻译了大量优秀作品,尤其是古典诗歌和散文。第二个版本是廖运范翻译
的《论读书》，他是一位著名的医生。培根的Of Studies一文，写于四百年前。在今天的英国，此文当属古典文论，其用语不仅典雅，而且古奥，甚至玄秘。四百年前的语言，既便是当时通俗透顶的平民口语，在今人听来，亦充满“古古香”之感。对于如此古典之作，翻译时我们究竟该采取何种风格呢？是译古如古，还是化古为今呢？对此，我们既要考虑到信息传播的需要，也不能完全忽律历史发展的实际。王佐良采用的是古译古的方式，而廖运范则采用的是古译汉的方法。
王佐良翻译的《谈读书》和廖运范翻译的《论读书》两个英译汉都可称为经典之作。下面笔者将从文学的角度在翻译中的体现和省略、重复的翻译这两方面对Of Studies进行品鉴和赏析。
2、文学角度在翻译中的体现
    所谓文学，文学是指以语言文字为工具形象化地反映客观现实的艺术，包括戏剧、诗歌、小说、散文等，是文化的重要表现形式，以不同的形式（称作体裁）表现内心情感和再现一定时期和一定地域的社会生活。文学代表着文化！
下面就两种译本所体现的文化角度的不同逐一进行评析。
1）: Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. 
读书足以怡情，足以，足以长才。（王译）
读书能给人乐趣、文雅和能力。（廖译）
In the first version, the three "for" are translated into “足以”, which better corresponds to the features of the source text by using parallelism. Moreover, it uses three verb-object phrase“怡情” , “”, “长才” to translate the three nouns "delight", "ornament", "ability", which are quaint, concise and in line with the words using of Bacon. For the second version, it just uses common words and doesn’t reflect the beauty of rhetoric and the original style.
2）: For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. 
练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思着莫属。
（王译）
那些有实际经验而没有学识的人，也许能够一一实行或判断某些事物的细枝末节，但对于事业的一般指导、筹划与处理，还是真正有学问的人才能胜任。（廖译）
In the first version, the words using such as“虽”, “然”, “则舍……者莫属”make the translation clearer and more coherent. It becomes more quaint by using the four-word idiom “练达之士”，“纵观统筹”, “全局策划”. In order to keep consistent with the style of source text, Mr. Wang uses a lot of Classical Chinese. However, the second version is not as concise as the first one. But it may be easier for us to understand.
3）: To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. 
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。（王译）
耗费过多的时间去读便是迟滞，过分用学问自炫便是矫揉造作，而全凭学理判断一切，则是书呆子的癖好。（廖译）
In order to emphasize the meaning, Mr. Wang adopts single word “惰sort of的意思”, “矫” instead of four words, which makes it in neat order and harmony with the source text. In comparison, it uses vernacular and some spoken words in the second version. The sentence structure is a little loose, which doesn’t conform to the source text very well.
从文学风格形式的角度来看,王教授的版本是忠实于源文本。他用组织良好的中国古典文学进行翻译并且文字简洁而精确。在某种程度上,廖教授的翻译不符合标准的信心,但它很容易理解。
三、省略和重复的翻译
Of Studies中有许多重复和省略的翻译，下面笔者将从省略和重复的角度对两个译本进行评析。英文翻译类似的句子结构时,我们常常省略相同的谓语动词。在中国,我们喜欢重用相同的结构并行性,以加强语气和强调的意思。
1）: Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。（王译）
读书使人渊博，辩论使人机敏，写作使人精细。（廖译）
The source text only uses one verb "maketh ", which is concise and fluent. But in both two versions, the repeat uses of verb “使” strengthens the effect of parallelism and conforms to Chinese expressions better.
2）: Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like.
滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,散步利肠胃,骑术利头脑, 诸如此类。（王译）
滚球戏有益于肾脏；射箭有益于胸部；散步有益于肠胃；骑马有益于头部等。（廖译）
In this case, the source text takes only one “good for”. However, in the first version, it repeats the verb “利” to strengthen the tone. And in the second version, it also uses four “有益于” to form neat structure.

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