Archery[ˈɑ:tʃəri]n.
History
Archery first appeared as a sport in the 1900 Olympics Games in Paris and was held at the Games of 1904, 1908 and 1920. However, because of the lack of uniform international rules archery was then dropped from the Olympic Games.Between 1920 and 1972, archery was not contested at the Olympic games. The archery competition that was featured at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich consisted of a double FITA Round competition with two events - men's individual and women's individual. This form of the archery competition was held until t
he 1988 Summer Olympics, when team competition was added and the Grand FITA Round format was used. Starting at the 1992 Summer Olympics, the Olympic Round with head-to-head matches was adopted, and has been used ever since.
Competition
Modern Olympic archery consists of four medal events: men's individual, women's individual, men's team, and women's team. In all four events, the distance from the archer to the target is 70 metres.
Rules
The first elimination淘汰 round pits the first ranked archer against the sixty-fourth, the second against the sixty-third, and so on. In this match as well as the second and third, the archers shoot simultaneously 18 arrows in ends of 3 arrows. The archer with the higher score after 18 arrows moves on to the next round while the loser is eliminated.
After three such rounds, there are 8 archers remaining. The remaining three rounds (quarte
rfinals, semifinals, and medal matches) are referred to as the finals rounds. They consist of each archer shooting 12 arrows, again in ends of 3 arrows. The two archers in the match alternate by arrow instead of shooting their arrows simultaneously as in the first three rounds. The losers of the quarterfinals are eliminated, while the losers of the semifinals play each other to determine the bronze medal and fourth place. The two archers who are undefeated through the semifinals face each other in the gold medal match, in which the winner takes the gold medal while the loser receives the silver medal.
The Scoring
The target face is set 70 meters (229 feet, 8 inches) from the shooting line and the center gold of the target is set 130 centimeters (4 feet, 3 inches) above the ground. The scoring system is based on a 10-ring target.
From the outside white ring to the inner gold at the center, the point total on the target ascends from 1 to 10 like so: white outer, 1; white inner, 2; black outer, 3; black inner, 4; blue outer, 5; blue inner, 6; red outer, 7; red inner, 8; gold outer, 9; and gold inner, 10.
Equipment
Olympic archers use the recurve bow, which features limbs that curve away from archer to increase power.
The effect is that arrows are propelled in excess of 150 miles per hour.
Bows generally are constructed of wood, fiberglass and graphite or carbon composites.
Bows have stabilizers to reduce torque (twisting) in the arrows upon release.
Bows have sights to aid in aiming and arrow rests to help align the shot.
Most strings are made of Fast Flight, a hydrocarbon product, or kevlar, the material used to make bulletproof vests.
Arrows are made of aluminum or carbon graphite.
sort of的意思Equipment costs (bow, arrows, accessories) will normally be over $1000.
Other Accessories
Archers can tape their fingers or wear protective gloves on the hand that pulls back the string, as long as doing so doesn't actually help them to shoot the arrows. The same applies for the hand holding the bow: A glove is OK as long as it doesn't actually do the gripping. Glasses are permitted, too, unless they have some sort of Clark Kent properties.
Archery in Beijing Olympic Games
China's Zhang Juanjuan on Thursday broke South Korea's dominance in women's individual archery at Olympics for 24 years, winning China's first ever Olympic archery title.
The organization of Archery
International Archery Federation,ITA（国际射箭联合会）It was founded in 1931,and Chinese Archery Association joined the ITA in 1981.
Vocabulary about archery
射箭运动  archery                            射箭运动员  archer
场地裁判员  field officer                    终点裁判员  target captain
单轮  single round                            双轮  double round
环  point                                    总成绩  total score
拉弓  draw                                    瞄准  aim
撒放  release                                脱靶  miss
射箭场  archery field                        弓  bow
弩  crossbow                                  反曲弓  recurved bow
复合弓  compound bow                          稳定器  stabilizer
瞄准器  sight                                弓弦  string
箭  arrow                                    箭头 arrowhead
靶  target                                    靶心 bull's-eye

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