It seems to many people that the British are extremely polite and difficult to make friends with. Hopefully the following passage will help you to have a better understanding of the British character. 在许多人看来，英国人极为礼貌，同他们交朋友很难。但愿下列文字能够帮助你更好地了解英国人的性格特点。 To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British is "reserve". A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. It is difficult to get to know a reserved person; he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are. English people tend to be like that. If they are making a journey by bus, they will do their best to find an empty seat; if by train, an empty compartment. If they have to share the compartment with a stranger, they may travel many miles without starting a conversation. If a conversation does start, personal questions like "How old are you?" or even "What is your name?" are not easily asked. Questions like "Where did you buy your watch?" or "What is your salary?" are almost impossible. Similarly, conversation in Britain is in general quiet and restrained and loud speech is considered ill-bred. 对于其他欧洲人来说，英国人最著名的特点是“谨慎”。一个谨慎的人不太会和陌生人聊天，不会流露出太多的情感，并且很少会兴奋。要了解一个谨慎的人并非易事；他从不告诉你有关他自己的任何事，也许你和他工作了几年，却连他住在哪儿，有几个孩子，兴趣是什么，都不知道。英国人就有类似的倾向。如果乘公共汽车去旅行，他们会尽量一个没人坐的位子；如果是乘火车，他们会一个没人的 单间。如果他们不得不与陌生人共用一个单间时，那么即使火车驶出了很多英里，他们也不会开口交谈。一旦谈起来的话，他们不会轻易问及像“你几岁？”或者甚至“你叫什么名字？”等私人问题。像“你的手表是在哪儿买的？”或者“你的收入是多少？”这样的问题几乎不可想象。同样，在英国，人们交谈时一般声音都很轻、很有节制，大声谈话会被视为没有教养。 This unwillingness to communicate with others is an unfortunate quality in some ways, since it tends to give the impression of coldness, and it is true that the English (except perhaps in the North) are not noted for their generosity and hospitality. On the other hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down. 在某种程度上，不愿意与他人交流是一种不幸的品质，因为它可能会给人造成态度冷淡的印象。而事实上，英国人（也许除了北方人）并不以慷慨和好客而著称。而另一方面，虽然谨慎使他们不易与人沟通,但他们内心还是很有人情味的。如果一个陌生人或外国人友善地将这种隔阂打破那么一会儿，他们可能会满心欢喜。 Closely related to English reserve is English modesty. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. Self-praise is felt to be ill-bred. If a person is, let us say, very good at tennis, and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply "Yes," because people will think him conceited. He will probably give an answer like, "I'm not bad," or "Well, I'm very keen on tennis." This self-deprecation is typically English, and, mixed with their reserve, it often produces a sort of general air of indifference which appears to foreigners difficult to understand and even irritating. 与英国人的谨慎紧密相连的品质是英国式的谦逊。在内心深处，英国人可能比任何人都高傲，但是当他们与别人相处时，他们十分看重谦逊的品质，至少要表现出谦虚的样子。自我标榜会被认为没有教养。让我们假设，有一个人非常擅长打网球，但如果有人问他是否是个优秀选手时，他很少会说“是”，不然，人们会认为他很高傲。他可能会作出类似这样的回答，“不算太差，”或者“嗯，我非常喜欢网球。”这样的自我贬低是典型的英国式的。而且当这一品质与他们的谨慎混合在一起时，常常形成一种漠然的气氛，这在外国人看来难于理解，甚至令人恼火。 The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self-deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. Its ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself － at one's own faults, one's own failures and embarrassments, even at one's own ideals. The criticism, "He has no sense of humor," is very commonly heard in Britain, where humor is so highly prized. A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes. This attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious. The English do not laugh at a cripple or a madman, a tragedy or an honorable failure. Sympathy or admiration for artistic skill are felt to be stronger than laughter. 著名的英国人的幽默感也是大同小异。它的出发点是自我贬低，它的最大对手是高傲，它的理想境界是自嘲的能力——嘲笑自己的错误、自己的失败和窘境，甚至自己的理想。在英国，人们非常看重幽默感，常常能听到“他一点幽默感都没有”这样的批评。幽默感是一种对生活的态度而并非仅仅是开玩笑的能力。这种态度决非残酷、不敬或是怀有恶意的。英国人不会嘲笑一个跛子或者疯子，也不会嘲笑一个悲剧或者一次可敬的失败。同情心或者对艺术技巧的崇敬比嘲笑的份量重得多。 Like a sense of humor, sportsmanship is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention. Boxing, association football, tennis and cricket were all first organized and given rules in Britain. Rules are the essence of sport, and sportsmanship is the ability to practise a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosity to one's opponent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. One of the most elementary rules of life is "never hit a man when he's down" － in other words, never take advantage of another person's misfortune. English school-boys often show this sense of sportsmanship to a surprisingly high degree in their relations with each other. 同幽默感一样，运动员精神是英国式的理想，这一点并非所有的英国人都做得到。必须认识到，现代形式的运动几乎都是英国人发明的。拳击、英式足球、网球以及板球都是在英国首次组织并且制定出规则的。规则是运动的精髓，运动员精神是指按照规则从事体育运动的能力，同时也表现在对对手的慷慨大度，以及失败后的良好心态。此外，运动员精神作为一种理想模式也普遍适用于日常生活。其中最基本的生活规则之一就是“不打跌倒的人”。换言之，就是不要利用别人的不幸。英国的男孩子常常在相互交往中把这种运动员精神表现得淋漓尽致。 Another feature in Britain is politeness. On the whole British habits of politeness are very informal. All politeness is based on the elementary rule of showing consideration for others, and acknowledging the consideration they show to you. "Excuse me" is used as an advance apology for troubling somebody, as when passing in front of him or interrupting his conversation, or when putting a question to a stranger. "Sorry" expresses regret for an accidental disturbance or breach of manners. It also takes the place of "no" when you cannot agree to a request or an implied request like "May I borrow your pen?" or "Do you know the time?" or "Have you any size seven shoes?" "Pardon?" is the polite way of asking somebody to repeat what he has said. In Britain, except at school, "please" is no longer used in asking permission to speak, and the phrase "No, please", so common abroad, would sound most unusual in Britain itself. "Yes, please" is the commonest use of the word, and is the opposite of "No, thank you" when replying to an offer. A bare yes or no is considered very rude in this case. Similarly, a polite request does not begin with "I want" or "I think", but with a phrase like "Will (or Would, Can, Could) ?" or "Would ?" When the request is granted, and at any time when you are receiving something, however obviously you are entitled to it, you are always expected to say "Thank you". 英国人的另一特点就是礼貌。总的来说，英国式的礼貌习惯都不很正式。所有的礼貌都是建立在这样的基本原则之上：为别人着想，同时也认可别人对你的关心。在麻烦别人时，如：从某人前面经过，或者打断某人的谈话，或者向陌生人请教问题时，要先说“对不起”，为给对方带来的不便预先道歉。“抱歉”一词表示对意外打扰或者违反礼仪的歉意。如果有人提出或者暗示某个要求，如：“我可以借你的钢笔吗嘛？”或者“现在几点了？”或者“还有七码的鞋 吗？”，而你无法满足这种要求时，也要说“抱歉”而不是“不”。“请原谅？”是用来要求别人重复所说内容时的礼貌说法。在英国，除了在学校，人们在请求发言时，不再用“请”这个词。在国外非常普遍的词组“不，请”，在英国本土听起来却会很别扭。“好的，请”，是最常用的说法，它与人们拒绝帮助时通常所说的：“不，谢谢”的意思正好相反。单单一个是或不是在这种情况下被视为非常无礼。同样，礼貌的要求不会以“我想”或者“我认为”开头，而是用“你能不能……？”或者“你是否介意……？”这样的措辞。当你的要求被满足，当你收到某一物品时，不管你怎样受之无愧，你永远应当说声“谢谢”。 British people do not readily ask each other to do anything that would involve real inconvenience: they prefer to wait for such service to be offered, rather than ask for it. If they do ask, then the request is accompanied by an implied apology like, "I don't really like asking you, " or, "I know the trouble I'm causing you, but would ?" and so on. Similarly it is often polite to refuse an offer of service by means of such a reply as, "Oh! please don't bother," followed by an explanation of why you can do without it. In fact, without being conscious of it, British people sometimes make offers purely out of politeness, not really expecting them to be accepted, and offers of this kind are refused with the same politeness. 如果事情确实很麻烦，英国人一般不会要求别人去做：他们情愿等待有人提供这样的服务，而不会主动提出要求。如果他们确实提出要求，那么要求中会含有歉意，例如：“我不是真的想麻烦你，但是……？”或者“我清楚我给你带来的麻烦，但是如果你不介意……？”等等。同样，在拒绝别人的服务时，礼貌的说法往往是这样：“哦！请别费心 ，”接着解释你为什么自己能够处理。实际上，人们没有意识到，英国人常常是出于礼貌而提供帮助，他们并不真的希望自己的提议被接受；当然，这样的提议也会以同样的礼貌被婉言谢绝。 If you are invited into a person's home, there are other questions to consider. For instance, what time should you arrive? If it is a social occasion, not a business one, it is not polite to arrive early. Your hostess will be preparing for you, and will be most embarrassed if you arrive before she is quite ready. Ten minutes late is excellent. Half an hour late is excessive and requires apologies. Then too, the British are rather particular about table manners. The main thing is: to sit up straight, copy everyone else, gaily asking what to do if you are not sure, and keep the conversation going. What time should you leave? There are no rules, but it is most impolite to stay too late, as it implies a lack of consideration for your hosts. If it is simply an invitation to an evening meal and conversation, you will probably take your leave between ten and eleven o'clock. If you have been asked to stay for several days, you will conform as far as possible to the routine of the house, and your hostess will be very pleased if you give her a bunch of flowers, specially bought, before you leave. 如果你被邀请到某人家中做客，还有另外的问题需要考虑。例如，你应当什么时候到达？如果这是个社交活动而不是商业活动，提早到是不礼貌的。女主人也许正在为你的到来做准备，如果在她还没有完全准备好之前你就到了，这会令人非常尴尬。迟到十分钟是绝好的选择。迟到半小时就超过底线，并且需要道歉了。而且，英国人也非常讲究餐桌礼仪。关键问题是：坐直身体，照着别人的样子去做。如果你没有把握，可以愉快地向别人请教，并且将谈话进行下去。什么时候应该离开呢？这没有定规，但是呆到很晚总是不礼貌的，因为这就意味着对主人不够体谅。如果只是邀请你吃晚饭和聊天的话，在十点到十一点之间离开即可。如果你被挽留再多逗留几日，你得尽可能 地遵从这个家庭的生活习惯。离开之前，如果你特别为女主人买一束献花的话，她会非常高兴。 Politeness towards women is less observed today than it used to be. It is still considered polite to give up one's seat to a woman who is standing, to open doors for her, help her alight from the bus, carry things for her, protect her from the traffic, and so on, and the maxim "Ladies first" is well known. But now that women are the equals of men in having the vote, taking paid employment and receiving higher education, they receive much less consideration than formerly, for the whole basis of politeness towards women is the feeling that they need protection. 对女士的礼貌如今看得不像以前那样重。但是给一位站着的女士让座，为她开门，帮她下车，为她拿东西，保护她避开车辆等仍被视为一种礼 貌。“女士优先”的格言是很出名的。但现在由于女士和男士一样平等地享有选举权，受雇用以及接受更高等教育的权利，她们受到的照顾比以前少得多，因为对女士的礼貌是建立在对她们的同情心基础之上的——即她们需要保护。 The same principle applies to old people. If they are respected in Britain, it is because they are felt to be in need of protection and support. Old age and seniority alone do not command authority among the British, in fact modern life has been developing so fast that old people often appear tiresome and out of date. Thus, "We need some young blood" is often heard in organizations where the energy and modern methods of younger men are felt to be more likely to succeed than the long but partly irrelevant experience of older ones. The wisest of the older generation realize this. They either make an effort to remain young in heart and keep pace4 with the times or else they let younger men take their place. 这一原则同样适用老年人。如果他们在英国受到尊敬，那是因为别人认为他们需要保护和扶持。单单年老和有资历在英国并不享有权威，实际上，现代生活发展得如此迅速，老年人常常会显得 麻烦人和落伍。于是，在一些机构，与年长者漫长却不相关的工作经历相比，年轻人旺盛的精力和现代方法被认为更有可能成功，由此，人们常常可以听到“我们需要一些新鲜血液”的说法。老一辈中最明智的人意识到了这一点，他们要么努力保持年轻的心态，跟上时代的步伐，否则就让位于年轻的一代。 It follows that mature Europeans have no desire to grow old or to look older than they are. Women especially, for reasons of sexual attraction, long to "stay young" and there is no greater compliment to a mature woman than to be told "How young you look!" On the other hand, if a woman's hairstyle, make-up and clothes reveal an obvious effort to look artificially young, she is said to "look common," and is regarded with disapproval. 因而，成熟的欧洲人都不想变老，或者不愿意变得看上去比自己的实际年龄老。特别是女士， 为了保持性吸引力，更渴望“永葆青春”。对于成熟女性来说，没有比“你看上去好年轻！”更好的赞扬。另一方面，如果一个女士在发型、化妆以及服饰方面明显地追求人为的年轻，人们会认为她“看上去很庸俗，”而对她的做法持否定态度。 sort of的意思(1528 words) |
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