长难句分析
1 and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
要点：句子的框架是 and it is imagined … that…, and that …。这是典型的句型it + is + p. p. （过去分词）+ that clause。it是形式主语，句子真正的主语是两个并列的that引导的主语从句，由连词and 连接。operation 此处不能译成“操作”，根据上下文应译成“活动”，这里的processes 要译成“思维过程”，而不能简单地理解成“过程”。
译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
2 whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
要点：句子的框架是whether …or… often depends on …。whether … or 引导了主语从句作句子的主语，financing 这里根据上下文要译成“经费投入”；介词结构 of which is seen as the driving force 是宾语 theissue 的后置定语，of 介词结构中又包含了which 引导的介词宾语从句。
译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量
3 how well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
要点：句子的框架是 how … depends on … and on … 。句子的主语由how引导的主语从句担任；谓语动词词组depends on后面跟了两个由and连接的并列宾语，在第二个宾语中，介词with + which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the skill and wisdom。
译文：这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智
4 there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.
要点：句子的框架是there is no agreement whether … or … 。主句是there is no agreement, agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语；在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连词or连接的并列宾语：a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。在第一个宾语中，形容词词组peculiar to historical work和介词词组in general作后置定语修饰the concepts；在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组appropriate … to … of historical inquiry作后置定语修饰the research techniques。
译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
5 furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rest
s upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
要点：句子的框架是furthermore, it is obvious that…, and that …。这是典型的句型it + is + obvious + that clause。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是由连词and连接的两个并列的主语从句：a. that the strength is … bound with…; b. and that this … rests upon the efforts …。第一个主语从句中的词组be bound up with是“与…有关联”之意；在第二个主语从句中，代词this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，译为“效率的提高”。
译文：再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力.
6 what could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.
要点：句子的框架是what … is the hormone melatonin which is …。what引导了一个主语从句，而谓语部分中由which引导了非限制性定语从句hormone melatonin。句中jet-lag是“时差综合症”，blues不能译成“蓝”，而是“忧郁”之意。
译文：能解除时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的关键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素，人们知道这种激素能够调节人体节奏。
7 there are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.
要点：句子的框架是there are … kids …, and demographers predict that …。这是一个并列复合句，在第二个并列分句中，sort of后面接什么谓语动词predict后面跟了一个that引导的宾语从句；在that宾语从句中，a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak是35 million teens的同位语。
译文：12岁至19岁年龄组的孩子目前有3100万，人口学家预测，到2010年他们将达到3500万，比二战后生育高峰期出生的孩子还多.
8 it seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.
要点：句子的框架是it seemed … but what … was that …。句子由but连接的两个并列分句构成：a. It seemed almost unbelievable; b. what appeared to be happening was that … 在第二个分句中，what引导了主语从句担任主语，that引导了表语从句。这里injection不能译成“注射”，根据上下文要译成“注入”。
译文：地球内的断层正在被人们注入的液体所润滑，这几乎是难以令人相信的，但是这确实正在发生。
9 it is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.
要点：句子的框架是it is … surprising … that education system have … been … criticized, … on the ground that …。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，而主语从句又包含了that引导的同位语从句that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society 作介词词组on the ground 中ground的同位语，ground这里的意思是“根据”。
译文：那么教育体制在过去几十年中受到严厉的批评，就不那么令人感到惊讶了，批评者的部分根据是，这种教育培养人们在一种已过时的社会中生存。
10 there are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what we’re able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.
要点：句子的框架是there are … grounds for thinking that the health… derives from what …, rather than what …。介词结构for thinking …中包含了that引导的宾语从句作分词thinking的宾语；而这个宾语从句中又包含了两个并列的介词宾语从句：a. what we’re able to put into life; b. what we try to get out of it. 两个宾语从句由rather than连接。

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