高一英语第一册Unit12Artandliterature人教版知识精讲
高一英语第一册 Unit 12 Art and literature 人教版
【本讲教育信息】
一、教学内容
Unit 12 Art and literature
（一）重点单词
（二）重点短语
（三）重点句式
二、知识精讲
（一）重点单词
1. power: n. [u]
→It is not within my power to help you.
我没有能力帮助你。（做事或行动的能力）
→This animal has the power of changing its colour.
这种动物能变更自体的颜。
→The power of the governments has increased greatly over the past century.
最近一个世纪以来，各国政府的权力大大加强。（权力，权）
→?
in power ：当权
come into power ：当权，上台 →A new power station has been built here.
这新建了一座发电站。（动力，机力，电力）
→the power of a blow: 一击之力
（力量，力气＝strength / force ）
即学即用：
I’d like to ask you to put an end to the quarrel. I know you have the .
A. energy
B. force
C. strength
D. power
复数形式：powers，还可表示“体力，智力，精力”。
→His powers are failing.
他的体力在衰退中。
→He is a man of great intellectual powers.
他是一位大智者。
2. treat: vt. “对待，，款待”
① He treats his wife badly.
他对待他太太不好。
② She treats me as her closest friend.
她把我看作她最亲密的朋友。
③ Which doctors are treating her for her illness?
哪几位医生在为她诊治？
④ She treated the children (to ice-creams).
她请孩子们（吃冰淇淋）。
I shall treat myself to a good weekend holiday.
我要好好地度个周末。
“treat”还可作名词：
→This is to be my treat.
这次我请客。
→Her son’s visit was a great treat for her.
她儿子来看望她，她心里喜滋滋的。
［表示（没料到的）欢喜，（难得有的）乐事；是可数名词］
→It’s a great treat for him to go to Canada.
去加拿大对他来说是一大乐事。
即学即用：
① I ’ll （请你客）lunch.
② I decided to treat his remarks a joke.
A. for
B. as
C. to
D. with
3. habit: n. 习惯，习性
常构成短语：
①??
be in the habit of … fall/get into the habit of … （有……的习惯，养成……的习惯）
② fall / get into bad habits: 养成坏习惯
③ get sb. into the habit of … /bad habits
使某人养成……的习惯/坏习惯
例：→He has fallen into the habit of smoking, and it ’s hard to give it up.
他已经养成吸烟的习惯，很难戒除。
→Children should be taught to form a good habit in their childhood. 应该教育儿童在少年时代养成好的习惯。
→Don ’t let him get you into the habit of taking drugs.
不要让他使你养成的习惯。
4. whisper: vt. & vi. 低语，耳语，私语
常构成搭配 “whisper (sth.) to sb.” 低声对某人说……
或 “It ’s whispered that …” 私下说……
→I whispered to Tom what was in my mind.
我小声跟汤姆说了我的想法。
→It ’s whispered that Mr. Smith ’s business is failing.
据传言，史密斯先生的生意正在衰败。
还可用作名词：意思是“耳语，私语”，常构成短语 “in a whisper 或in whispers ”。
例：① He told the children a story in a whisper.
他小声给孩子讲了个故事。
② They sat at the back of the room, talking in whispers.
他们坐在房间的后面，低声耳语。
（二）重点短语
1. a series of… : 表示“一系列的，连贯的东西/事件等”，其中需注意“series”是一个单复数同形的词。
例：a series of pictures: 连环画
a series of stamps: 一套邮票
a series of TV plays: 电视连续剧
a series of good harvests: 连年的丰收
2. come across: 意为“（偶然）发现……，遇见……”
→I came across him in the street yesterday.
昨天我在街上碰见了他。
be about to→I came across his name on the list.
我无意中在名单上发现了他的名字。
还可以表示“（主意，想法等）出现在……中”。
→The thought came across my mind that I had to see her.
我忽然想到我得去看看她。
3. believe in
① You can believe in him; he’ll never let you down.（信任，信赖）
你可以信任他，他决不会让你失望的。
② He believes in God. （相信……的存在）
他信奉上帝。
③ I believe in getting plenty of exercise.（相信……的价值，相信……有作用，有好处）
我相信充分的运动必有益处。
区别：believe
believe sb.：表示“相信某人说的话”，相当于believe what sb. said
→I know he is an honest man. That is why I believe in him all the time. But I don’t believe what he told me just now.
(That means “I don’t believe him this time.”)
和“believe”有关的其它常用短语：
① Believe it or not. 信不信由你。
② believe sb. to be… : 认为某人是……
即学即用：
You’ve got to （相信自己）, or you’ll never succeed.
4. turn around: （同turn round）
意为“（使……）转向另一方向”或“转过身”
→When the teacher turned around, they began to whisper.
老师一转过身去，他们就开始窃窃私语。
→Turn your chair round to the front.
把你的椅子转向前面。
其他由turn构成的词组：
turn on: 打开；turn off: 关上；turn up: 出现，到达，把……音量开大；turn down: 拒绝；把……调小/调低
turn in: 上交（同：hand in）
本单元其他的重要短语：
in trouble: 处于困境中，有麻烦
find out: 发现，出
look like: 看起来像……
learn about: 了解
fight against: 为反对……而战斗
grow up: 长大
succeed in doing sth.: 成功地做某事
take away: 带走
（三）重点句式
1. Harry learns more than magic at Hogwarts.
He makes new friends and learns how important and difficult it is to be a good friend.
哈利在霍格沃茨学到的，不仅仅是魔法，他结交了新朋友，懂得了做好朋友的重要性和艰难。
分析：本句中谓语动词learns后面跟了一个宾语从句。
从句中使用了it做形式主语，不定式短语为真正的短语这种结构，并且使用了感叹句式。
2. Together with his friends, Harry learns that it is not always easy to do what is right.
他和朋友们一起，发现正确的事情并不总是容易做到的。
分析：本句话中，需注意两点：①短语together with…表示“和……在一起”，后面的宾语his friends不能看作是句子的主语，整个短语在句中做的是状语。如：Harry, together with his friends, learns that…
② learns后面加了由that引导的宾语从句，从句中that不做成分，可省。做真正主语的不定式短语“to do what is right”中，又有一个由what引导的宾语从句，其中what在从句中充当主语，不可省去。
3. If only they could find a way to get to the room, or whatever it was, behind the wall.

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