when 用法小结
不管是在口语中,还是在书面语中,when是一个十分活跃的词,该词主要用作连词和副词,但是在意义方面其用法比较复杂。
一、作副词
1. 作疑问副词,用于构成特殊疑问句,意为“什么时候;何时”
When will they come back?他们什么时间回来?
When can you finish the work? 你什么时间能完成这项工作?
2. 作连接副词,引导名词性从句,或与不定式连用,意为“什么时候”
Can you tell me when the bank opens?你能告诉我银行什么时候开门吗?
When she'll be back depends on the weather. 她何时回来取决于天气。
Have you decided when to go sightseeing?你们已经决定什么时候去郊游了吗?
3. 作关系副词,引导定语从句。
The main school holidays are from mid-December till early February,when the days are long and warm.
Do you remember the time when the three of us went on a holiday in Guilin?
你还记得我们三个人在桂林度假的那段时光吗?
二、作从属连词,引导状语从句。
1. 表示时间,意为“当……时;在……的时候”
When you see him, please say hello to him. 见到他时,代我问他好。
When I reached the station,the train had left. 当我到达火车站时,火车已经开走了。
2. 表示条件,相当于if
How can I get a job when I can't even read or write?如果我连读和写都不会,我怎么能
到工作呢?
3. 表示对比,相当于whereas, while, since, 意为“既然;然而”
How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me?
既然他们不愿听我的,我又怎么能帮助他们弄明白呢?
4. when 从句中使用虚拟语气,意为“本来……却……”
She paid when she could have entered free. 本来可以免费入场,而她却付了款。
She stopped trying when she might have succeeded next time.
她本来下次有可能获得成功,但她却不再尝试了。
三、作并列连词
表示前面的叙述所没有提到过的信息,对所描述的事件予以引人注目的强调,意为“这时;突然”
大致有以下三种情况:
1. be doing sth. when
I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 我正想着这件事,突然听到有人叫我的名字。
2. be about to do sth. when
We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发就开始下雨了。
3. sb. had hardly/ when
We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang. 我们刚刚入睡,铃声就响了起来。
四、作代词,意为“什么时候,何时”,常用在since,till,up to等之后。
Since when have you been interested in my feelings?你从什么时候起开始关心起我的感受来了?
when 用法
一 . when 用作副词。
1. 用作疑问副词,引导特殊疑问句。例如:
When are they going to visit the Great Wall? 他们打算什么时候去游览长城?
2. 用作连接副词,通常用来引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句及起名词作用的“ when +动词不定式”结构。例如:
When he comes is not known. 他何时来还不知道。
The morning is when I am busiest. 早上是我最忙的时候。
I have no idea when the game will begin. 我不知道比赛何时开始。
I don't know when the plane takes off. 我不知道飞机何时起飞。
I don't know when to leave for London. 我不知道该在何时动身去伦敦。
3. 用作关系副词,引导限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。例如:
Do you still remember the days when we stayed in America? 你还记得我们呆在美国的那些
The day will come soon when the Chinese astronauts will go to the moon.
It happened ten years ago, when I was a child. 事情发生在十年前,当时我还是个小孩子。
二 . when 用作连词。
1. 用作从属连词,意为“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句。例如:
They learned a lot from the peasants when they stayed in the village.
It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 他到达车站时,天正下着雪。
注意:如果 when 引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致,且从句中的谓语动词是“ be +分词”或从句主语是 it ,则 be 动词及其主语常可省略。例如:
When ( he was ) asked why he was late, he made no answer. 当被问到他为什么迟到时,他避而不答。
I'll tell him about it when ( it is ) possible. 在可能的时候,我会把那件事告诉他的。
2. 用作从属连词,意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句。例如:
We will stand up when the teacher comes into the classroom. 老师一进教室我们就起立。
Fire the rockets when I give the signal. 我一发信号,你就点燃火箭。
3. 用作从属连词,意为“还没 / 刚刚……就”,引导时间状语从句。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when he came in. 我刚一开门,他就进来了。
4. 用作从属连词,意为“倘若,如果”,表示条件。例如:
He will be likely to recover when he is operated on. 如果动手术,他有可能康复。
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障,就把电
5. 用作从属连词,意为“既然,尽管”,表示让步。例如:
Why use metal when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料,为什么用金属呢?
They kept trying when they knew it was hopeless. 尽管他们知道那件事没有希望
be about to 6. 用作并列连词,意为“在那时,届时”,表示时间。这时主句中可以用过去进行时,过去完成时或“ was/were about to do sth. ”结构。例如:
Last night I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. 昨天晚上我正要上床睡觉时,电话铃响了。
I was cooking in the kitchen when someone knocked at the door. 我正在厨房做饭,这时有人敲门。
He had just finished the book when supper was served. 我刚刚读完这本书,这时晚饭就
端上来了。
7. 用作并列连词,意为“虽然、然而、可是”,表示转折。例如:
He usually walks to work when he might take a bus. 虽然他可以坐公共汽车上班,但他却常常步行上班。
I had only twenty dollars when I needed thirty to buy the dictionary.
我需要 30 美元买那本字典,可是我只有 20 美元。
8. 用作并列连词,意为“而、却”,表示对比。例如:
How can he say that everything is fine when it's obvious that it is not? 他怎能说一切都好呢?情况显然不是那样。
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