模拟演练(一)
A
(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模)
Molecules Found on Phones Reveal Lifestyle Secrets
What does your phone say about you？Molecules(分子) found on mobile phones reveal an astonishing amount about the owner’s health and lifestyle—including their food preferences and medication.
Californian scientists found traces of everything from caffeine and spices to skin creams and anti-depressants(抗抑郁药物) on 40 phones they tested.We leave traces of molecules，chemicals and bacteria on everything we touch.Even washing hands thoroughly would not prevent the transfer to everyday objects，the researchers said.Using a technique called mass spectrometry(光谱测定)，the University of California San Diego research team tested 500 samples taken from 40 adults’ mobile phones and hands.They then compared them with molecules identified in a database and produced a “lifestyle profile” of each phone owner.
Dr Amina Bouslimani，an assistant project scientist on the study，said the results were revealing.“By analysing the molecules they left behind on their phones，we could tell if a p
erson is likely to be female，uses high-end cosmetics(化妆品)，dyes her hair，drinks coffee，prefers beer over wine，likes spicy food，is being treated for depression，wears sunscreen and bug spray—and therefore likely to spend a lot of time outdoors—all kinds of things，” she said.
Most of the molecules are thought to be transferred from people’s skin，hands and sweat to their phone.Mosquito repellents(驱蚊剂) and sunscreens were found to stay for a particularly long time on people’s skin and phones，even when they had not been used for months.Previous research by the same team found that people who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin.
The study said the testing method could identify an object’s owner without fingerprints.It could also check if patients were taking their medication.Besides，it could provide useful information about a person’s exposure to pollution.
The researchers now want to find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin—and what they reveal about us.Senior author Prof Pieter Dorrestein said there we
re at least 1,000 different microbes living on the average person’s skin，in hundreds of locations on the body.
Molecules Found on Phones Reveal Lifestyle Secrets
Research result
Your mobile phones convey a large amount of information on your personal health and lifestyle.
1.Previous research
People who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin.
Research 2.details/information
•Molecules，chemicals and bacteria can be traced on mobile phones 3.despite the habit of washing hands thoroughly.
•With the help of a 4.technique，researchers tested 500 samples from 40 phones.
•5.Comparing the samples with molecules identified in a database，scientists produced a “lifestyle profile” of each phone owner.
•Based on the 6.analysis/analyses of the molecules，scientist could tell a person’s gender，habits，hobbies，etc.
Practical application
•The testing method can tell an object’s owner’s 7.identity/identification in the absence of fingerprints.
•Information about a person’s medication can be checked.
•How much a person is 8.exposed to pollution can be traced.
9.Futuresort out the facts research
The researchers want to have a better 10.understanding/knowledge of bacteria covering our skin.
B
(2017·盐城三模)
We all know what makes for good character in soldiers.We’ve seen the movies about heroes who display courage，loyalty and coolness under fire.But what about somebody who sits in front of a keyboard all day？Is it possible to display and cultivate character if you are just an information age office clerk，alone with a memo or your computer？Of course it is.Even if you are alone in your office，you are thinking.Thinking well under an era of information may be a different sort of moral challenge than fighting well under a hail of bullets，but it’s a character challenge nonetheless.In their book，Intellectual Virtues，Robert C．Roberts of Baylor University and W．Jay Wood of Wheaton College list some of the intellectual virtues.We can all grade ourselves on how good we are at each of them.
First，there is courage.The obvious form of intellectual courage is the willingness to hold unpopular views.But the slighter form is knowing how much risk to take in jumping to conclusions.The impulsive thinker takes a few pieces of information and leaps to some fara
way theory.The perfectionist，on the other hand，is unwilling to put anything out there except under ideal conditions for fear that he could be wrong.Intellectual courage is self-regulation，Roberts and Wood argue，knowing when to be daring and when to be cautious.The philosopher Thomas Kuhn pointed out that scientists often simply ignore facts that don’t fit with their existing paradigms(范例)，but an intellectually courageous person is willing to look at things that are surprisingly hard to look at.
Second，there is firmness.You don’t want to be a person who abandons his beliefs at the slightest sign of opposition.On the other hand，you don’t want to hold rigidly to a belief against all evidence.The median point between flaccidity(软弱) and rigidity is the virtue of firmness.The firm believer can build a steady worldview on solid materials but still delight in new information.He can gracefully adjust the strength of his belief to the strength of the evidence.Firmness is a quality of mental alertness.
Third，there is modesty，which is not letting your own desire for status get in the way of accuracy.The modest person fights against pride and self-importance.He’s not writing those
sentences people write to make themselves seem smart；he’s not thinking of himself much at all.The modest researcher doesn’t become arrogant toward his subject，assuming he has mastered it.Such a person is delighted to learn from anyone at any stage in life.

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