Ⅰ.根据英文释义写出单词
1．acquire to gain knowledge or learn a skill
2．religion the belief in the existence of a god or gods
3．ignoreto behave as if you had not heard or seen someone or something
4．urgeto strongly suggest that someone do something
5．inspire to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do something
6．assumeto think that something is true, although you
do not have definite proof
Ⅱ.按要求写出单词
1．think(名词)→thought
2．worth(形容词)→worthy
3．defend(名词)→defence
4．willing(反义词)→unwilling
5．convention(形容词)→conventional
6．benefit(形容词)→beneficial
7．adapt(名词)→adaption
8．appreciate(名词)→appreciation
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．to start with 首先
2．go against 反对
3．tend to 经常做，倾向于
4．(be) based on基于，在……的基础上
5．put forward 提出
6．in other words 换句话说
7．be accustomed to 习惯于……
8．come to one's defence 为某人辩护
9．make assumptions about 对……作出假设
10．approve of赞成，同意
11．be vital to对……重要
12．be beneficial to对……有益
1．...people like Galileo Galilei (1564～1642) who proved scientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
像伽利略这样证明了诸如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚，而没有人来保护他们。
[句式分析] who引导定语从句。“with no one coming ...”为with复合结构作伴随状语。
[佳句赏析] 有向导引路，我们没费劲就到了他的家。
We had no trouble finding his house with the guide leading the way.
2．It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384～322 BC)．
人们愿意相信这些古老的观点也不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(384～322 BC)提出来的。
[句式分析] it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语；as引导原因状语从句。
[佳句赏析] 这次考试他得第一名并不奇怪，因为他聪明又好学。
It is not surprising that he took first place as he studies hard as well as clever.
3．These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world.
这些人懂得，知识和理解是要为之奋斗的事情，有些人(甚至)可能认为，对个人或人类来说，它们比世界上所有的金钱都重要和有益。
[句式分析] 本句为主从复合句，these men knew为主句，that引导宾语从句；some might say为插入语。
Learning constantly is very important for our life, but which do you think is better, trying to keep everything in mind or to understand them? And why?
I_think_understanding_is_better_for_learning._Because_everything_is_changing,_there_is_too_much_information_for_us_to_memorize,_and_when_you_understand_it,_it_can_be_better_memorized._And_also,_as_we_get_older,_our_memory_is_getting_worse_and_worse,_but_our_understanding_is_stronger,_so_understanding_it_is_available._But_of_course,_memory_is_also_important._Without_a_good_memory,_we_can_not_learn_well.
Ⅰ.Fastreading
Do the true or false questions according to the text.
1．People are used to turning to the Internet for help when they have questions nowadays.(T)
2．Most people in Bacon's time were interested in the search for knowledge as Bacon.(F)
3．People believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe until Galilei proved Aristotle wrong.(F)
4．Galilei proved that the Earth wasn't the centre of the universe, but he also made a mistake.(T)
5．We would get all the knowledge about the world since men never stop thinking and researching.(F)
Ⅱ.Carefulreading
Read the text carefully and then fill in the chart with the information in the text.
Understanding
How did people think in Bacon's Time？ | ·People believed more in ①religion than in facts.Those who proved scientific ideas were often punished by the church and no one came to ②defend them. ·People were unwilling to challenge what they had always believed and tended to make |
③assumptions about the world on the ④basis of others' experience. | |
How did people acquire knowledge nowadays？ | We are accustomed to ⑤typing a few key words into a search engine and ⑥expecting the Internet to spit out the answers. |
How do scientists acquire knowledge and understanding？ | ·To start with, they need questions. ·Then, they consider possible answers. ·After that, they ⑦test each to find the right ones. |
Conclusions | ·No matter how great a scientist or a philosopher is, he can occasionally make ⑧mistakes. ·Our understanding of the world is ⑨constantly growing and changing and we need to step out of the ⑩conventional thought in order to explore the kingdom of knowledge. |
考点1 | acquire vt. 获得；取得；学到；养成(习惯等) |
[教材原句]
It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.
我们怎样获得知识和理解现在看起来好像显而易见了。
acquire knowledge/experience 获得知识/经验
acquire a good knowledge of 学会，精通
acquire a taste for 开始喜欢
(2015·重庆高考写作)Meanwhile, they exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they probably acquire more knowledge.
与此同时，他们彼此交流思想和感情，这样他们可能获得更多的知识。
Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly.
只有当你拥有了完善的语法知识，你才能正确地写作．
He has acquired a taste for brandy at that time.
他在那个时候养成了喝白兰地的嗜好。
We should try to acquire good habits.
我们应该努力养成良好的习惯。
[辨析比较]
gain | 指在斗争、竞争中做出很大的努力而“获得”，所得的东西常具有一定的价值 |
get | 为普通词，可指以任何方式得到某物，也不一定要经过努力 |
earn | 意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力而获得 |
obtain | 是较为正式的用语，指经过长期的努力，最终取得期待已久的东西 |
acquire | 意为“获得，取得”，一般指经过漫长的过程而逐渐获得(知识、信息等) |
选词填空：sort out the facts acquire, obtain, gain, earn, get
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