清华附中初中16级九年级下英语试卷
2019年4月
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What do you think about when you think of a zoo? Small cages? Bars like those in prison? These images might be common in people's mind, which serve as arguments for the people who do not like zoos, as historically, traditional zoos kept animals with a very limited focus on conservation (protection of natural things)or education. However, a sort of evolution(改革；进化）has occurred.
你觉得动物园怎么样？小笼子？像监狱里的酒吧？这些形象在人们的头脑中可能很常见，人们不喜欢动物园，因为传统动物园对动物的保护或教育的关注非常有限。然而，（在这种情况下）一种进化发生了。
Most zoos today, especially those in the Association of Zoos and Aquariums(AZA),an international organization, whose members are leading zoos and aquariums, provide spacious and natural space for their animals and worked hard to keep them mentally and physically simulated. More importantly, modern zoos not only take much better care of the animals they keep, but also engage with the protection of animals in the wild.
今天的大多数动物园，特别是动物园和一个国际组织——水族馆协会（Aza，其成员是领先的动物园和水族馆），为它们的动物提供了宽敞和自然的空间，并努力使它们保持身心一致。更重要的是，现代动物园不仅能更好地照顾它们饲养的动物，而且还能保护野生动物。
As the human population increases, our impact on the environment has been deadly harmful to wildlife and wild spaces. Things like climate change and severe habitat destruction are causing species to go extinct at unnatural rates. Some scientists estimate we are currently experiencing the sixth mass extinction(灭绝)in the history of life on earth. As a consoling(令人安慰的）part out of all griefs, many zoos serve as important safe-holds for endangered species populations, and in cases like that of the California Condor, captive
breeding programs in AZA, which kept animals in zoos, proved to be important in bringing species back from extinction. Besides, AZA, including many zoos, also fund over 2,500 conservation projects, donating 160 million dollars every year to protecting species in the wild.
随着人口的增加，我们对环境的影响已经对野生动物和野生空间造成了致命的危害。气候变化和严重的栖息地破坏等因素正在导致物种以非自然的速度灭绝。一些科学家估计我们目前正在经历地球生命史上的第六次大灭绝。许多动物园是濒危物种种的重要安全保护区，像加利福尼亚一样，在阿扎的圈养繁殖项目（该项目将动物饲养在动物园中）证明了它在使物种从灭绝中恢复过来这方面起到了重要的作用。此外，AZA（许多动物园在内），也资助了超过2500个保护项目，每年捐赠1亿6000万美元用于保护野生物种。
The conservation impact that zoos have goes even further than direct conservation action and financial support for fieldwork. In a time when people spend less and less time outdoors, zoos serve as a place to teach children and remind adults that wildlife and wild spaces still exist, and that our society holds the future of these species' survival in our hands.
动物园所带来的保护影响甚至超过了直接的保护行动和对野外工作的财政支持。当人们在户外的时间越来越少的时候，动物园就成了一个教孩子和提醒成年人野生动物和野生动物生存空间仍然存在的地方，我们的社会掌握着这些物种生存的未来。
While I am only 18, I have spent the last six years volunteering with wildlife conservation organizations. As a volunteer at the Santa Barbara Zoo, I stood outside of the Amur Leopard exhibit and educated guests about these critically endangered big cats. I saw the way that live animals can spark peoples' curiosity and inspire them to love and protect nature. Earlier this year, I had the opportunity to attend the AZA's Legislative Conference in Washington DC, where I got the opportunity to see how zoos support conservation efforts in the wild. Cheetah Conservation Fund in Namibia is an organization dedicated(致力于) to saving the cheetah in the wild, but it relies heavily on support from zoos. Many zoos donate 1arge amounts of money to CCF. but they also contribute to CCF's mission by connecting people across the United States with cheetahs, and the issues they face in the wild.
虽然我只有18岁，但在过去的六年里，我一直在野生动物保护组织做志愿者。作为圣塔巴巴
拉动物园的志愿者，我站在阿穆尔豹展览的外面，并向客人介绍这些濒危的大型猫科动物。我看到了活的动物可以激发人们的好奇心，激发他们热爱和保护自然。今年早些时候，我有机会参加在华盛顿特区举行的Aza立法会议，在那里，我有机会看到动物园如何支持野生动物的保护工作。纳米比亚的猎豹保护基金会是一个致力于拯救野生猎豹的组织，但它严重依赖动物园的支持。许多动物园向CCF捐赠了1大笔钱。但他们也通过将美国各地的人们与猎豹以及他们在野外面临的问题联系起来，为CCF的使命做出了贡献。
Zoo can be controversial institutions; however, both opponents of traditional zoos and those who support modern zoos have more in common than one might think. Both groups are extremely motivated because they care so deeply about animals, their welfare, and their long-term survival on our planet. I encourage you to consider both sides of this issue and learn more about all of the conservation work zoos do, and the world-class care animals in AZA receive before determining where you stand on this issue.
动物园可能是个有争议的机构；然而，传统动物园的反对者和那些支持现代动物园的人有着比人们想象的更多的共同点。这两个体都非常有动力，因为他们非常关心动物、它们的福
利以及它们在我们星球上的长期生存。在决定你们在这个问题上的立场之前，我建议你们先考虑这一问题的两个方面，了解动物园所做的所有保护工作，以及亚扎岛世界级的保护动物。
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Art, as we know, is subjective. What one person considers a priceless masterpiece others might see as nothing more than a giant black square. But there's one very specific kind of painting that almost everyone sees the same way -the kind with the “strange” eyes that seem to follow you around the room. So what causes this optical illusion(视觉错觉)and how do artists achieve this effect?
我们知道，艺术是主观的。一个人认为一件无价的杰作，别人可能只看到一个巨大的黑正方形。但有一种非常特殊的绘画，几乎每个人都以同样的方式看到——那种有着“奇怪”眼睛的绘画，似乎在房间里跟着你。那么是什么导致了这种视觉错觉，艺术家是如何达到这种效果的呢？
It turns out, for even a moderately skilled artist, this effect isn't a difficult thing to achieve. In fact, sort out翻译中文the artists need to use a little illusion of depth, making the person depicted on the canvas appears somewhat 3D on a 2D canvas, and to adjust the gaze (凝视) of the eyes so that they would be looking at someone standing right in front of the picture.

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