Translation：
1.When unprocessed data is sent to the computer with the help of input devices, the data is processed and sent to output devices.
输入设备将未处理的数据发送到计算机时，数据将被处理并发送到输出设备。
2.The control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU).
控制单元，ALU和寄存器统称为中央处理器（CPU）。
3.The CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and written to much more rapidly than the main memory area.
CPU包含一组称为寄存器的特殊存储器单元，读取和写入寄存器的速度比在主存储器更快。
4.A computer can store any kind of information in memory if it can be represented numerically.
只要能表示为数字，计算机就能将任何类型的信息存储在存储器中。
5.Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of execution of some instructions to improve performance.
高级计算机中的控制系统可以改变某些指令的执行顺序以提高性能。
6.On computers that can provide parallel processing, an operating system can manage how to divide the program so that it runs on more than one processor at a time.
在可以提供并行处理的电脑上，操作系统可以管理如何分解程序，以便在多个处理器中同时运行该程序。
7.Each memory cell has a numbered "address" and can store a single number.
每个存储单元都有一个编号的地址，可以存储一个数字。
8.Registers are used for the most frequently needed data items to avoid having to access main memory every time data is needed.
寄存器用于最经常访问的数据项，以避免每次需要数据时都必须访问主存储器。
9.As data is constantly being worked on, reducing the need to access main memory greatly increases the computer's speed.
因为数据会不断被处理，减少对主存储器的访问可以大大提高计算机的速度。
10.Superscalar computers may contain multiple ALUs, allowing them to process several instructions simultaneously.
超标量计算机可能包含多个ALU，允许它们同时处理多个指令。
11.In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely.
通常，当关闭计算机电源时，RAM中的内容会被删除，但ROM中的数据会无限期保留。
12.The main advantage of high-level languages over low-level languages is that they are easier to read, write, and maintain.
高级语言比低级语言优越，主要在于它们易读、易写和易维护。
13.The application programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface (API).
应用程序通过预设的应用程序接口(API)发送服务请求来使用操作系统。
14.Application software is all the computer software that causes a computer to perform useful tasks beyond the running of the computer itself.
应用软件是除了运行计算机本身之外，使计算机执行有用任务的所有计算机软件。
15.If there’s a problem, you have to wait for a “firmware upgrade”-which may or may not address your problem.
如果出了问题，您就必须等待“固件升级” — 这也许能够解决您的问题，也许不能够解决您的问题。
16.Typically, middleware programs provide messaging services so that different application
s can communicate.
通常，中间件程序提供消息服务，以便不同的应用程序间可以进行通信。
sort out your computer翻译
17.Object-oriented programming (OOP) can be thought of as a type of structured programming.
面向对象程序设计(OOP)可以被看作结构化程序设计的一种类型。
18.The object program contains the string of 0s and 1s called machine language that the logic processor works with.
目标程序包含被称为机器语言的一系列0和1，它是供逻辑处理器来使用的。
19.The advantage of an interpreter, however, is that it does not need to go through the compilation stage during which machine instructions are generated.
然而，解释器的优势在于它不需要经过生成机器指令的编译阶段。
20.Almost any language can use structured programming techniques to avoid common pitfalls of unstructured languages.
几乎任何语言都可以使用结构化编程技术，以避免非结构化语言的常见缺陷。
21.Each type of CPU has its own machine language and assembly language, so an assembly language program written for one type of CPU won't run on another.
每种中央处理器都有它自己的机器语言和汇编语言，因此，为一种中央处理器编写的汇编语言程序不能运行在其他中央处理器上。
22.Unlike low level languages, high level languages are programmers friendly, easy to code, debug and maintain.
与低级编程语言不同，高级编程语言对程序员友好，易于编码、调试和维护。
23.Machine languages are the only languages understood by computers.
机器语言是计算机可以理解的唯一语言。
24.Programs written in high-level languages are translated into assembly language or machine language by a compiler.
用高级语言编写的程序通过编译程序翻译成汇编语言或机器语言。
25.The R programming language consists of a huge variety of statistical and graphical methods.
R编程语言由各种各样的统计和图形方法组成。
26.Python code is highly readable, which makes it more reusable and maintainable.
Python代码具有高度可读性，这使其更具可重用性和可维护性。
27.Python’s interpreter is smart enough to execute your program on different platforms to produce the same output.
Python的解释器足够智能，可以在不同的平台上执行你的程序，以产生相同的输出。
28.R has become a very popular programming language and development environment used for statistical computation and graphics.
在统计计算和图形领域，R已成为非常流行的编程语言和开发环境。
29.Although it is a high-level language, C is much closer to assembly language than most other high-level languages.
尽管它是高级语言，但C比其它同类都更接近汇编语言。
30.An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resource and provides common services for computer programs.

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