一、 论文提纲
Introduction
1. Chinese Table Manners and Characteristics
2. Western Table Manners and Characteristics
3. The differences of Chinese and Western table manners
3.1 Dining time concepts
3.2 Different notion
4. Taboos of Chinese and Western table manners
4.1 Taboos during the meal
4.2 Banquet menu taboos
Conclusion
二、 内容摘要
There is an old saying“Food is most important for people”which is not only deal with hanger at present, but also contains more cultural meanings. The dining table is one of the most important places where good manners are displayed. Elegant manners at the table may bring friendship and even success. Obviously, it is clearly that eat have infiltrated into every aspect of social life, bit by bit in a show of national and ethnic cultural background. Now look at the booming restaurants, the maverick exotic, try to be different characteristics of the dishes, every day more and more people gathered to the table, happily drinking, laughing. Table manners as a social custom, the decision by the culture around the world, there are some differences. China has a natural deep as the ancient civilization of the ancient table manners, Western countries are also national integration and modernization in the process of forming their own table manners. There are many differences in table manners between China and the west. Researching it will help people to learn the language culture and improve the ability of communication in cross-culture practice.
Keywords：table manners, differences, taboos 
俗话说“民以食为天”，在当代吃不仅仅是解决饥饿，从中体现的最多的是文化内涵。餐桌是展示优良礼仪的一个重要地方，是生活的缩影，优雅的餐桌礼仪才能带来友谊甚至成功。显然地，吃已经渗透到人们社会生活的方方面面，点点滴滴中流露出一个国家和民族的文化底蕴。看看现在蓬勃发展的餐饮业，琳琅满目的各式餐厅酒店，标新立异的异国风味，别出心裁的特菜肴。每天越来越多的人聚集到餐桌旁，开怀畅饮，谈笑风生。餐桌礼仪作为一种社会习俗，由民族文化决定，在世界各地存在着一定的差异。中国作为文明古国自然有着深邃久远的餐桌礼仪，西方国家也在民族融合和现代化进程中形成了自己的餐桌礼仪。中国和西方的餐桌礼仪上存在着很多差异，研究它有意于帮助人们学习语言文化同时改善跨文化的沟通能力。
关键词：餐桌礼仪 不同点 禁忌
三、 参考文献
［1］ 石永琦。奥运礼仪［M］。北京大学出版社
［2］ 陈弘美。餐桌礼仪实用知识［M］。北京：世界图书出版社
［3］ 冯玉珠。餐饮礼仪全攻略［M］。对外经济贸易大学出版社
［4］ Elizabeth L. Post. In honor of etiquette ［M］。上海：外语教学与研究出版社
［5］ 程文文。涉外礼仪之食的礼仪［J］。大连：理工大出版社
［6］ Helen。中西方“餐桌礼仪”人文现象与文化迁移的比较研究，［J］。上海：复旦大学出版社
［7］ tabletime黄士平。现代礼仪学［M］.武汉：大学出版社
On the differences of table manners between China and the western countries
Introduction
  Manners are important in society. They help us to be civil to one another.  Because a person who minds knows how to act in every circumstance, he tends to feel comfortable in unfamiliar surroundings. Nowhere are manners more important than at the table. Table manners prevent diners form being sloppy, offensive and boorish. They help to communicat
e respect to hosts and guests alike. Table manners are not hard and intensive rules; rather they are helpful guidelines in our social relationships. Generally, people consider that having meal is very simple, but there are lots of culture and rules in it. For example, some cultural differences reflected in table manners between Chinese and the West.
Keywords: table manners, difference, taboos.
1. Chinese Table Manners and Characteristics
.1.1 In China the host is very warm and modest to their guests
Before the coming of guests, the host would prepare a sumptuous feast. There are dainties of every kind preparing on the table. The rich usually eat shellfish and crab, while the common people eat chicken, duck, fish, etc. When the feast starts, host urges guests to drink and eat more and pick up food for their guest frequently with their own chopsticks. In the host＇s opinion, the aim to entertain is to let guests to drink and eat to their heart＇s content. While the host urges their guests to deink and eat more, they always say:” There i
s little to eat, please make this do for eating,” or “these dishes are not so good, enjoy yourself.” A feature in China must be mention: People eat together. It means that people use their own chopsticks to pick up food in one plate; the others also pick up food in the same plate. However, the host often use him own chopsticks to pick up food for guests. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness. When the feast is finished, the host will invite their guests to drink tea. It has been a custom in China. They chat when they drink tea. The host urges guests to drink tea repeatedly. It hints to guest that they should go now.
Furthermore the host arranges the seats in advance in order to write the names of these people who join the banquet on their marks. Then the guests are seated in good order. The arrangement of seats embodies respect for guests.
Where a guest is seated depends on his age, social status and so on. “Taking the left for upper”, it is the traditional custom in China. It means the left seats is higher than the right one. The guest of honor should be arranged on the left of the host. In the past, Chinese advocated south, east and the left. With the time＇s going, the view of position has change
d. It dose not only inherit the tradition, but also use some views of Western counties for reference. The guest should be arranged on the right of the host. At present, when people hold meeting or take a group photo, they are affected by this rule. Chinese entertained guest using the Eight-Immortal table in tradition. The seat faced to the door is the seat of honor, while the others are seated aside. The older, the guest of honor, the higher-level is seated in the upper seat, and the hosts sit at the lower seat. The older guests are seat in order. When there are more than one table, the host and the hostess seat together in the main table. The distance from the main table determined the position of these people. The shorter the distance is, the more important the guest is. The main table is a standard. The right table is higher than the left one; the close table is lower than the far one. The middle table is higher than the one place aside.
.    1.2 The Chinese meal needs
In addition to these, the Chinese meal needs chopsticks, plate, bowl, scoop, small dishes and so on. The bottle is put in front of plate, while the glass is put on the right. The number
of glass is the same with the amount of wine. Napkins may be folded into some beautiful shape or form the rectangle flatting in the center of the plate. Of course, there must be ashtray and toothpick on the table. There is only one rule for a formal table and that is everything must be geometrically spaced: the centerpiece in the actual center, the placed at equal distances and all utensils balanced. In a word, what must match is the quality of everything put on the table.
On the one hand, Chinese use bowl to eat. The bowl is used to ladle rice, soup and food. Chinese had used the bowl to eat since the New Stone Age. Chinese bowl is made of china. The traditional style is in blue and white. Chinese don＇t use the bowl with broken edge. In the past, before a convict was sentenced to death, he would have drunk wine. Then, he broke the bowl and shouted:” I will be a brave man in 18 years.” People always associate the imperfect bowl with a convict sentenced to death. So people never use bowl with a little crack.

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