28个辅音音标、20个元音音标
元音（20个）
长元音 /ɑ:/    /ɔ:/    / ɜ:/  /i:/    /U:/     
短元音    / ʌ/    /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/
/eɪ/    /aɪ/    /ɔɪ/             
双元音  /ɪə/    /eə/    /ʊə/             
    /əʊ/    /aʊ/                 
辅音（28个）
轻辅音    /p/ / t/    / k/    /f/ /θ/ /s/
浊辅音  /b/ /d/    /g/ /v/ /ð/    /z/
轻辅音    /ʃ/ / h/    /ts/    /tʃ/    /tr/ 
浊辅音  /ʒ/ / r/    /dz/    /dʒ/    /dr/ 
鼻音 /m/ /n/    /spring怎么读音读音标ŋ/           
半元音  / j/    / w/     
边音  / ǀ/
字 母 读 音 字 母 读 音
大写 小写 大写 小写
A a /ei/ N n /en/
B b /bi:/ O o /əu/
C c /si:/ P p /pi:/
D d /di:/ Q q /kju:/
E e /i:/ R r /α:/
F f /ef/ S s /es/
G g /dVi:/ T t /ti:/
H h /eitF/ U u /ju:/
I i /ai/ V v /vi:/
J j /dVei/ W w /`dQblju:/
K k /kei/ X x /eks/
L l /el/ Y y /wai/
M m /em/ Z z /zed/


单元音/i:/ see me be she need read meal eat seat deep keep

ee /i:/ sleep deep feet

ea /i:/ read eat meal

单元音 /i/ in it is fit pin bit kiss sick miss fish rich lid

闭音节中的i /i/ if, his, film(闭音节指以辅音结尾的音节)

闭音节中的y /i/ sympathy, syllable, system, gym

位于词尾的y /i/ city, pity, willingly, possibility

单元音 /e/ get let bed pen best rest wet never better best

闭音节中的e /e/ bed, peg, set, tell

ea /e/ dead, heaven, feather

单元音/A/ hat cat rat cap map fat man thank stamp fact

闭音节中的 a /A/ bad, lad, rat, cab

单元音 /α:/ heart arm darn farm cart fast car dark barn pass

ar /α:/ arm, ark, lard, dark, car, card, hard, harm

单元音 /R/ lot got job shop soft song top hot box pot lock


闭音节中的o /R/ hot, got, not, lost, on, soft

/R:/ tall fall wall Paul Maud walk call yawn thought

or /R:/ or, sport, bored, horse, more, before

a(+ll或lk) /R:/ all, fall, talk, walk

aw /R:/ law, paw, draw, flaw, claw

单元音 /u/ cook book look put good full foot would

u /u/ put, full, pull, push, sugar, cushion

oo /u/ good, took, wood, wool, stood, bedroom

ou /u/ could, would, should

单元音 /u:/ too soon rule boot fool school soup cool lose new

oo /u:/ fool, booth, room, food

ou /u:/ soup, you, group

o /u:/ do, to, who

/Q/ cup bus gun hut sung duck lung luck cut stuck

闭音节中的u /Q/ but, hunt, sun, duck, luck


闭音节中的o /Q/ son, once, colour, other, money

ou /Q/ rough, enough, touch, cousin, young

单元音 /ə:/ shirt hunt burn girl bird nurse work worm curse

er /ə:/ herd, verb, mercy

ir /ə:/ thirty, shirt, third, fir

ur /ə:/ turn, church, burn, nurse, curse

or /ə:/ word, work, world, worse

ear /ə:/ heard, earth, search

单元音 /ə/ ago about asleep above again among mother brother

许多元音在非重读章节中读成/ə/，所以/ə/的拼写形式多种多样。如：

about, sofa, doctor, colour, figure

双元音 /ei/ May pay way day same hay great gain pain spade

a /ei/ save, face, pale

ay /ei/ day, pay, may

ai /ei/ wait, fail, strait


ea /ei/ break, great

双元音 /əu/ no go so hole hope road home slow load foe soul

o /əu/ go, hello, no, open, over, joking, October

oa /əu/ coat, soap, boat, road, coast

ow /əu/ snow, throw, blow, show, know, window

双元音 /ai/ bye lie try eye cry die my five time mine alike

开音节中的i /ai/ time, crime, rite, fine

igh /ai/ high, might, night, light, bright

y /ai/ cry, my, sky, fly, July, reply

ie /ai/ eye, dye, bye

双元音 /au/ how now cow out mouse down house brown found

ou /au/ about, around, found, sound, mouse

ow /au/ down, crowd, town, brown, now, how

双元音 /Ri/ boy joy toy voice noise join coin oil soil toil

oi /Ri/ oil, boil, join, coin, spoilt, voice, choice, noise


oy /Ri/ toy, boy, enjoy, destroy, annoy, loyal, employer

双元音 /iə/ ear here fear hear dear pier tear near really idea

ear /iə/ ear, dear, hear, clear, beard

ea /iə/ idea, real, theatre

ere /iə/ here, mere, severe

eer /iə/ beer, queer, engineer

双元音 /eə/ care wear hair there fair share careful careless various repair squeare

are /eə/ care, share, fare, hare

air /eə/ air, fair, chair

双元音 /uə/ tour sure poor pure cure curious tourist dual

ur /uə/ cure, pure, fury, curious

英语辅音

英语辅音分清辅音与浊辅音，发音时声带不振动的是清辅音，如：/p,t,k,f,s/。发音时声带振动的是浊辅音，如：/b,d,g,v,z/。

英语辅音可分为以下几种：

爆破音 /p,b,t,d,k,g/。

/p,b/发音形成的部位是由双唇形成阻碍，使气流短时间内不能通过，气流克服阻碍冲出口腔发出此音。

/t,d/是由舌尖与上齿龈形成阻碍，发音方法与发/p,b/时相同。

/k,g/是由舌后部抵住软颚形成阻碍，发音方法与发/p,b/时相同。

摩擦音 /f,v,W,T,s,z,F,V,h,r/是指唇、舌与齿或者上颚的某些部位接近形成间隙，气流通过时产生摩擦的音是摩擦音。

破擦音 /tF,dV,tr,dr,ts,dz/

鼻音 /m,n,N/


边音 /l,ł/

半元音 /j,w/

英语辅音大部分是成对的，分清浊两种。如：/p,b/，/t,d/，/k,g/，/f,v/。

英语中有一部分辅音是不成对的，如：/m/，/n/，/N/，/l/，/r/，/j/，/w/ 没有对应的清辅音，/h/ 没有对应的浊辅音。

/W/ north south throw health think thing mouth

在名词中的 th /W/ bath, breath, cloth, north, south, worth

/T/ then though this that these those bathe


th /T/ this, that, there, those, mother, father

在动词中的 th /T/ bathe, breathe, clothe

在形容词中的 th /T/ northern, southern, worthy

/n/ thin ban ran run nag not new now near

/N/ thing bang rang rung ring king wing pingpong

ng /N/ morning, singer, singing, spring, wrong, tongue, long

/l/ low light line collect slow late lot left less nearly

字母l有时不发音，如：could, should, talk, walk, half

/ł/ tell till oil ill pull fall Paul little uncle Michael

含糊的/ł/ 一般在辅音前或在停顿前或在词的末尾。如：all, small, child, table, candle

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