段落翻译练习答案（1-12）
参考译文：
（1）
  China is one of the countries with ancient civilizations in the world. The ancient China was rather advanced in the fields of science and technology. When we mention China’s ancient civilization, people are familiar with the Four Great Inventions — papermaking, gunpowder, the compass, and the technique of printing, which have had an immeasurable impact on the development of world culture, military affairs, and communications and transportation. Actually, the most outstanding contributions made by the Chinese nation to world civilization are by no means limited only to the Four Great Inventions.
（2）
  The Chinese nation is a big family composed of 56 nationalities. Since time immemorial, people of all our nationalities have established close-knit political, economic and cultural links
spring festive怎么读and joined hands in developing the vast land of our country. China became a vast unified country more than 2,000 years ago. The age-old Chinese culture becomes a strong bond for ethnic harmony and national unity. Solidarity and unity are deeply inscribed in the hearts of the Chinese people as part of their national identity.
（3）
  Culture is the best medium for people of different countries to understand each other. Through holding cultural festivals, many cities in China have become better known to the world. It has been proved that this is one of the best ways to promote the exchange between the people of China and of other parts in the world. The exchange has not been confined to culture but extended to the economic and other fields.
（4）
  Respecting the aged and loving the young is a traditional Chinese virtue. For thousands of years, people have always considered it a social responsibility and behavioral norm. Me
ncius in the Warring States Period said that one should respect the elderly relatives of other people as one’s own, and take good care of others’ children as one’s own. In China, those who ignore these moral tenets will not only be criticized by public opinions, but also be punished by law. It is the pleasant virtue of respecting the aged and loving the young that ensured the harmony of the family and stabilization of society. It also provided firm social base for the development of the Chinese nation.
（5）
  It has been a long-standing tradition to value education and respect teachers in China. From ancient times, education has been paid much attention to by the Chinese people. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius even ran private schools in his hometown with a slogan that everyone rich or poor, had the right to receive education. Since education is so highly respected in China, men of knowledge would have a higher social status and be esteemed by other people. In China, the honor shown to teachers is displayed in every aspect of social life. Nowadays, September the tenth is designated to be the Teachers’ Day.
（6）
  The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China. It recorded a total of 305 poems created over a period of 500 years or so, from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. According to the story, all the poems in The Book of Songs were lyrics of the ancient days. The Book of Songs is rich in contents. Many of its works depicted the genuine landscape picture of society at that time. Among them, many stories were devoted to love and marriage between young people. Besides, some poems portrayed the hard life of social underclass, some reflected the general public’s resistance to oppression, and aspiration for freedom and happiness. Others denounced the war and the suffering caused by it. The Book of Songs has a great impact upon the development of poetry in later times, in terms of its ideological and artistic achievements.
（7）
  Many westerners are fond of Chinese paper-cuts, because they are pretty and exquisite with a unique oriental style. Indeed, Chinese paper-cuts help viewers to feel the real daily li
fe and a festive atmosphere. The making of paper-cuts is a popular folk art with a history of 2,000 years in China. Chinese paper-cuts are mostly created by women in rural areas. The designs are familiar ones close to peasants’ life, such as domestic animals, crops, birds, babies, stories from local operas, etc. They are used on the Chinese Lunar New Year or other festivals. Chinese paper-cut has been listed as one of the world’s cultural heritages by UNESCO.
（8）
  The Chinese life is colorful with many interesting folkways. The Chinese wedding may be a focus of interest. There are many differences between the Chinese and the West in weddings, as the people in the West go to church while the Chinese celebrate with a feast. Westerners hope that God will bless them while the Chinese thank heaven and their parents. Westerners wear white wedding dresses while the bride and groom wear red according to Chinese tradition, because red symbolizes good luck. In this way, we know that China’s folk culture is obviously different from that of the west. China has its unique culture, which shows the Chinese’s wish for a happy and lucky life.
（9）
  The first day of the first lunar month is the New Year in the Chinese lunar calendar. Among the traditional Chinese festivals, this is the most important and the most bustling. Since it occurs at the end of winter and the beginning of spring, people also call it the Spring Festival. Chinese have many traditional customs relating to the Spring Festival. From the 23rd day of the 12th lunar month, people start to prepare for the event. Every family will undertake a thorough cleaning, do their Spring Festival shopping, create paper-cuts for window decoration, put up New Year pictures, write Spring Festival couplets, make New Year cakes, and also prepare all kinds of food to bid farewell to the old and usher in the new.
（10）
  The 15th day of the first lunar month is the traditional Lantern Festival. On the Lantern Festival, the Chinese people have the custom of enjoying lanterns and eating glutinous rice dumplings. The custom of enjoying lanterns on the festival started during the Han Dynasty,
and has a history of more than 2,000 years. On that night, every place is decorated with lanterns and colorful streamers and there is a bustling atmosphere. As night falls, people go in crowds to enjoy colorful lanterns. It is also a traditional custom to eat glutinous rice dumplings at this time. As early as the Song Dynasty, there was such a kind of food. Eating glutinous rice dumplings on the first night with a full moon in a year is to wish that family members will remain united, harmonious, happy and satisfied.

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