英语阅读之未知海洋领域科学探索
Inner space is almost as hard to explore as outer space.
探太空难，察深海亦不易。
JAMES CAMERON knows how to make a splash.Literally. On March 25th the director of The Terminator，Titanic .and Avatar plunged into the Challenger Deep2 of the Mariana Trench, 500km from Guam. When he reached the bottom, he .sent a self-congratulatory tweet, and then tootled about for a couple of hours before taking Deep sea Challenger,his lime-green one-man submarine, back up the 11 km to the surface.
詹姆斯卡梅隆知道怎么制造轰动。的确是这样。3月25日,这位执导过终结者、泰坦尼克和阿凡达的导演来到了距关岛500千米的马里亚纳海沟，一头扎进了挑战者深渊2。当他到达海底的时候，他发了一条庆祝自己的推特,接着又唠叨了也许两个小时，才上浮11千米将他石灰青的单人潜艇-深海挑战者号带出海面。
This venture certainly scores high in the jaw-dropping department. The only other people to p
lumb the Challenger Deep-as its name suggests, the most profound point in the Ocean were Jacques Pic card and Don Walsh, who did so in 1960, in a vessel called Trieste. The latest dive, however, was not very successful on the scientific front. It brought back no specimens.
这次冒险在劲爆度这方面当然是拿下高分。此外只有雅克?皮卡和唐纳德沃尔什探究过挑战者深渊正如其名，它是海洋的最深点他俩于1960 年驾驶里雅斯特号深海潜艇下潜至此处。然而，这新近一潜在科学层面却并不那么胜利，由于它没有带回任何标本。
This was in sharp contrast to a less public is ed mission, to the paltry depth of 2.5km, where the pressure is a mere 250 times that of the atmosphere . This was organised by Ifremer, France s oceanographic institute. Itsthree-man craft, Nautile , not only brought back samples, but brought them back alive.
  这与一项不太为人所知的行动形成了鲜明对比，后者只下潜到区区2.5千米，承受了250个大气压。这次行动是由法国海洋开发研究院组织实施，派出三人潜艇号，不仅带回了标本，而且个个活蹦乱跳。
parisinthespring怎么读
  That is no mean feat. Because creatures of the deep ocean have evolved to tolerate so much pressure, their cell membranes tend to liquefy when that pressure is released. To stop this happening Nautile s samples were transported in a special chamber called PERISCOP.This chamber, designed by Bruce Shillito and Gerard Hamel, of Pierre and Marie Curie University, in Paris, is a tank with a capacity of 2.7 litres which is capable of containing a pressure of more than 200 atmospheres.
  那可真不简单。因为深海生物已经进化得能够耐受如此高压，一旦压力消失，它们的细胞膜就会溶解。为了不让这种情况发生，号上的标本被置于一个叫做 潜望镜 的特殊腔体中进行运输。这个腔体由巴黎居里大学的布鲁斯希利托和杰拉德哈默设计，就是一个容量2.7升的水罐，能够承受200个大气压的压强。
  In 2008 PERISCOP was used to reel in a live fish from a then-record depth of 2.3km. The fish had been living near an underwater hot spring, known as a hydrothermal vent, in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This time, Nautile s mother ship, L Atalante, had spent three weeks trawling around a similar vent in the East Pacific Ridge as part of the MESCAL project, aco
llaboration between a dozen American and European oceanographic research institutions.On March 26th she sailed into Manzanillo, in Mexico, bearing a trove of specimens including a dozen or so Pompeii worms. These poly chaetes are the most heat-tolerant animals known. They are able to live at 60C. Biologists would like to under stand how they do it.
  2008年， 潜望镜 曾被用来从深海打回一条活鱼，2.8千米的深度在当时创了记录。那条鱼生活在中大西洋海脊的一个水下热泉附近，也就是所谓的深海热液喷口。这一次，号的母船亚特兰大号在东太平洋海脊一处相似的热泉附近网了三个星期鱼，这也是欧美十几个海洋研究所合作项目 龙舌兰 的一部分。3月26日，亚特兰大号满载着捕鱼所获包括大约十几只庞贝虫在内的众多标本，驶入了墨西哥的曼萨尼略港。这些多毛类环虫是已知最耐热的动物。它们能在60摄氏度的环境中生存。生物学家想要了解它们如何做到这点的。
  To help them find out L Atalante has been fitted with a second chamber, BALIST, into which PERISCOP s catch can be transferred. Researchers on board ship were thus able to study the worms alive for several weeks. For the unfortunate worms, however, Manzanillo was the end of the line. They were killed, frozen and transported back to France.
  为了帮助生物学家出所以然，亚特兰大号安装了一个附加的腔体 十字弓 ， 潜望镜 捕获的生物可以转移进去。这样，载驳船上的研究人员就能够在数周时间中研究活体虫子。但是，对于这些不幸的虫儿来说，曼萨尼略就是它们生命的终点。它们被杀死，冷冻后运回到法国。

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