英语单词的音节及读音规则含单词分类
英语单词的音节及读音规则
1.音节概念
在英语单词中元音特别响亮,一个发音的元音就可以构成一个音节,所以英语单词的音节是以发音的元音来确定的。只有一个发音的元音构成的单词称为单音节词,有两个发音的元音构成的单词称为双音节词,三个以上发音的元音构成的单词称为多音节词。
例:
双音节词:go, he, stand, think, please, take, some, what, glad, smoke, child, taught 双音节词:teacher, brother, Sunday, neighbor, darkness, breakfast, comment , open 多音节词:exercise, holiday, separate, celebrate, institute, opportunity
modernization
注:一个单词音节数的多少并不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的。
2. 单词重音
在英语的双音节以上的单词中,有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节,我们称为重读音节,国际音标上标有“′”这样的重读符号。一般说来一个单词只有一个重音。
例:Sunday [’s?ndi] begin [bi’ɡin]
3. 开音节
开音节一共有两种:
一种叫绝对开音节,即直接以发音的元音字母结尾的单词。
例:go [ɡ??], he [hi:], no [n??], we [wi:], who [hu:]
另一种叫做相对开音节,即发音的元音字母后有一个辅音字母(r除外)再加一个不发音的字母e。
例:make [meik], note [n??t], these [ei:z], like [laik], use [ju:z]
4.闭音节
发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)时,这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音节。如果单词重音在这个音节上,该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节。
例:bad [b?d], thank [θ??k], desk [desk], sit [sit], stick [stik], fog [f?ɡ], shop [??p];
sun [s?n], must [m?st]
5. 元音字母在开音节中的一般发音
A a [ei], Ee [i:], Ii [ai], Oo [??], Uu [ju:]
例:take [teik], late [leit], he [hi:], theme [θi:m], time [taim], nice [nais], no [n??];
joke [j??k], tune [tju:n], cute [kju:t];
6. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音
A a [?], Ee [e], Ii [i], Oo [?], Uu [?]
例:lamp [l?mp], plan [pl?n], well [wel], best [best], mill [mil], wish [wi?], hot [h?t];
drop [dr?p], club [cl?b], but [b?t]
7. 各元音在开音节和闭音节的读音规则
spring的发音
1)A a
开音节中多读[ei] 字母本身的音。词例:name, plane, cake, take;
但have中却发[?]
重读闭音节中多读[?]。词例:bad, lamp, tank, cat, map
a的前面是辅音[w]时读作[?]。词例:want, wash, what, quality
a的后面是ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n 时常读作[a:]。词例:class, fast, grasp, ask, bath, staff, dance, command
2) E e
开音节中多读[i:] 字母本身的音词例:he, she, be, these
重读闭音节中多读[e]。词例:pen, yes, well, desk, best
3) I i (y)
开音节中多读[ai] 字母本身的音词例:like, time, bike, why,
但give和live中却发[i]
重读闭音节中多读[i]。词例:stick, ship, big, mill
词尾是-nd和-ld时,i可读作[ai] 词例:kind, find, child
4) O o
开音节中多读[??] 字母本身的音词例:no, home, joke, smoke, joke
但to, do, who, move, shoe中却发[u:]
重读闭音节中多读[?]。词例:hot, fog, shop, long, drop
词尾是-st和-ld时,o可读作[??] 词例:most, post, bold, cold,例外both, comb
o的后面是m, n, v, th 时,可读作[?] 词例:son, some, come, one, done, love, glove, mother, brother
5)U u
开音节中多读[??] 字母本身的音词例:use, tune, cute, mule
u 在辅音字母l, r, j后面时读作[u:]词例:blue, rule, true, June
重读闭音节中多读[?] 或[u]。词例:sun, but, club, must, full, put
但truth, busy中却发[u:]
8. -r音节-re音节的读音规则
ar 常读作[a:] 词例:car, park, large, star; 但war, warm, ward却读[?:]
er常读作[з:] 词例:verb, term, serve, stern;
ir常读作[з:] 词例:girl, first, shirt, bird
or常读作[?:] 词例:horse, short, north, sport;但word, work, world却读[з:]
ur常读作[з:] 词例:burn, nurse, hurt, fur
are常读作[e?] 词例:care, dare, stare, rare
ere常读作[i?]或[e?] 词例:mere, here, there, were;但were 却读[з:]
ore常读作[?:] 词例:more, wore, sore, store
ire常读作[ai?] 词例:fire, tire, hire, mire
ure常读作[ju?]或[u?] 词例:pure, cure, manure, sure
9. 元音字母组合的读音规则
1)a+其它字母
al 常读作[?:] 词例:ball, walk, talk, walk, also,
其后有f或m时可读[a:]例:half, calm, palm
au 和augh 常读作[?:] 词例:cause, fault, launch; taught, daughter 例外:laugh [a:]
aw常读作[?:] 词例:law, saw, claw, awful
ai 和ay常读作[ei] 词例:wait, main; day, play
air 和are常读作[e?] 词例:hair, pair, chair; fare, care, dare, stare, share 2)e+其它字母
ea常读作[i:]或[e]词例:meat, please, peace, clean; head, dead, lead, bread 例外:great, break读作[ei]
ee常读作[i:]词例:meet, three, steel, green, tree, street,need
ei和ie常读作[i:]词例:field, piece, ceiling, receive
有时ei和ey一样。读作[ei]词例:eight, neighbor; prey, grey
例外:friend,读作[e]height读作[ai], review读作[ju:]

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