一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如：
①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]
②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：
fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]
study－studies [z]; worry－worries
 
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz] 如：
teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] 如：
go－goes [z] do－does [z]
5、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s”
一起读做[iz]。 如：
close－closes [iz]
二、名词复数的规则变化
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　情况  构成方法  读音    例词
__________________________________________________
一般情况  　加 -s  1.清辅音后读/s/;  map-maps
          　2.浊辅音和元音后  bag-bags
            读 /z/;    　car-cars
___________________________________________________　
　以s,sh,ch,
x等结尾的词  加 -es  读 /iz/    bus-buses
                  　watch-watches
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以ce,se,ze,
(d)ge等结尾
的词      加 -s  读 /iz/  license-licenses
___________________________________________________
以辅音字母+y  变y 为i
结尾的词    再加es  读 /z/  　baby---babies
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以-f或-fe结尾的名词多将-f或-fe变成-ves，但有例外，读音变化：尾音[f]改度[vz]。
例：life-lives leaf-leaves
反例：roof-roofs
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以O结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。读音:[z]。
例：tomato-tomatoes       
反例：piano-pianos（外来词） photo-photos（缩写词）
三、英语规则动词过去式变化规则和发音规则和不规则动词表
 
1.规则动词的过去式词尾变化有几种：
  1．一般情况下加ed，如watched, planted, watered, pulled, climbed, picked。
  2．以不发音字母e结尾的加d，如liked, moved, tasted。
  3．以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed，如study——studied。
  4．以1个元音字母加1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed，如stop——stopped。
 
2.过去式的发音是由单词的最后一个音素来决定的:
    1.如果该单词以清辅音结尾,如/k/,/p/等,则读作/t/,例如looked读作/t/.
    2.如果该单词以浊辅音结尾,如/n/,/b/等,则读作/d/,例如abandoned读作/d/. 
     3.如果该单词以字母t或字母d结尾,则读作/id/,例如started读作/id/.
    4.如果该单词以元音结尾,则读作/d/,例如studied读作/d/.
3.不规则动词表
Infinitive 不定式
Past Tense 过去式
Past Participle 过去分词
abide
abode, abided
abode, abided
alight
alighted, alit
alighted, alit
arise
arose
arisen
awake
awoke
awoke, awaked
be
was, were
been
bear
bore
borne, born
beat
beat
beaten
become
became
become
befall
befell
befallen
beget
begot
begotten, begot
begin
began
begun
behold
beheld
beheld
bend
bent
bent
bereave
bereaved, bereft
bereaved, bereft
beseech
besought, beseeched
besought, beseeched
beset
beset
beset
bespeak
bespoke
bespoken, bespoke
bespread
bespread
bespread
bestrew
bestrewed
bestrewed, bestrewn
bestride
bestrode
bestridden, bestrid, bestrode
bet
bet, betted
bet, betted
betake
betook
betaken
bethink
bethought
bethought
bid
bade, bid
bidden, bid
bide
bode, bided
bided
bind
bound
bound
bite
bit
bitten, bit
bleed
bled
bled
blend
blended, blent
blended, blent
bless
blessed, blest
blessed, blest
blow
blew
blown
break
broke
broken
breed
bred
bred
bring
broughtspring的发音
brought
broadcast
broadcast, broadcasted
broadcast, broadcasted
browbeat
browbeat
browbeaten
build
built
built
burn
burnt, burned
burnt, burned
burst
burst
burst
buy
bought
bought
can
could
-
cast
cast
cast
catch
caught
caught
chide
chid, chided
chid, chidden, chided
choose
chose
chosen
cleave
cleaved, cleft, clove
cleaved, cleft
cleave
clave
cloven
cling
clung
clung
clothe
clothed, clad
clothed, clad
come
came
come
cost
cost
cost
creep
crept
crept
crow
crowed, crew
crowed
cut
cut
cut
dare
dared, durst
dared
deal
dealt
dealt
dig
dug
dug
dispread
dispread
dispread
do
did
done

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