1。
Passage One
Questions 51 to 56 are based on the following passage.
    Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two， Australia， gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn’t surprised when this didn’t make the news here in the United States—we’re now the only wealthy country without such a policy.
    The United States does have one explicit family policy， the Family and Medical Leave Act， passed in 1993. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks’ unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem。 Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly， describing it as ”government-run personnel management" and a ”dangerous
precedent”。 In fact， every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work—family balance measures into the law， business groups have been strongly opposed.
    As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that， in some sense, society must pay for。 In her book No Exit： What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is ”no exit" when it comes to children。 ”Society expects—and needs—parents to provide their children with continuity of care， meaning the intensive, intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual， emotional and moral capabilities. And society expects—and needs—parents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed."
    While most parents do this out of love， there are public penalties for not providing care. What parents do， in other words， is of deep concern to the state, f
or the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children’ welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life—changing obligations society imposes. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting； really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue (不断积累) to the whole of society as today's children become tomorrow's productive citizenry （公民）。 In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money （including lost wages）, is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product. If these investments generate huge social benefits—as they clearly do—the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.
52。 What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph？
    A) America is now the only developed country without the policy。
    B） It has now become a hot topic in the United States.
    C） It came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policy.
    D） Its meaning was clarified when it was established in Australia.
53. What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the United States?
    A） The incompetence of the Democrats。
    B) The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.
    C） The lack of a precedent in American history。
    D) The opposition from business circles.
54. What is Professor Anne Alstott’s argument for parental support？
    A) The cost of raising children in the U。 S。 has been growing。
    B） Good parenting benefits society.
    C） The U. S. should keep up with other developed countries.
    D) Children need continuous care.
55。 What does the author think of America’s large body of family laws governing children's welfare?
    A） They fail to ensure children’s healthy growth
    B） The fail to provide enough support for parents
    C） They emphasize parents' legal responsibilities.
    D) They impose the care of children on parents。
56。 Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?
    A) It is regarded as a legal obligation.
    B) It relies largely on social support。
    C） It generates huge social benefits.
    D) It is basically a social undertaking。
2。
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 62 are based on the following passage。
    A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement （CIRCLE） at Tufts University shows that today's youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes。 But there’s no easy way to see what those figures mean in real life. During
the presidential campaign， Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically diverse coalition with his message of hope and change； as the reality of life under a new administration settles in, some of those supporters might become disillusioned。 As the nation moves further into the Obama presidency, will politically engaged young people continue to support the president and his agenda, or will they gradually drift away?
    The writers of Generation O （short for Obama), a new Newsweek blog that seeks to chronicle the lives of a group of young Obama supporters, want to answer that question。 For the next three months， Michelle Kremer and 11 other Obama supporters， ages 19 to 34， will blog about life across mainstream America， with one twist: by tying all of their ideas and experiences to the new president and his administration, the bloggers will try to start a conversation about what it means to be young and politically active in America today。 Malena Amusa， a 24-year-old writer and dancer from St. Louis sees the project as a way to preserve history as it happens. Amusa， who is traveling to India this spring to finish a book， then to Senegal to teach English, has ongoing conversations with her friends about how the Obama presidency has changed their daily lives and hopes to put so
me of those ideas， along with her global perspective, into her posts。 She’s excited because, as she puts it, ”I don’t have to wait [until] 15 years from  now" to make sense of the world.
spring怎么读啊

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