题号押题2
浙江卷B篇第24—26题：阅读理解说明文
〖真题回顾〗
Passage1  2018.11浙江卷 阅读理解B篇第24-26题
This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents’ homes, sleep-away camps and life guard stands. But summer vacation hasn’t always been a birth right of U.S. school children. Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars(日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural(农村的) schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter.
In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two c
alendars out of concern that rural schooling was not enough and that overusing of young minds could lead to nervous disorders. Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break：it offered a rest for teachers, fit in the farming calendar and reduced doctors’ concern that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the spread of disease.
But people’s opinion about the modern U.S. school year, which averages 180 days, is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships(实习) or study, there’s still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.
24. What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?
A. Enjoy a summer vacation.
B. Take a break each quarter.
C. Have 48 weeks of study a year.
D. Assist their parents with farm work.
25. What did the educational reformers do in the 1840s?
A. They introduced summer vacation.
B. They shortened rural school terms.
C. They promoted the study of farming.
D. They advocated higher pay for teachers.
26. Why are some people unhappy about the modern U.S. school year?
A. It pushes the teachers too hard.    B. It reduces the quality of education.
C. It ignores science instruction.    D. It includes no time for internships.
【答案】24. D    25. A    26. B
【解析】
本文是说明文，根据内容可以纳入创新与变化话题。介绍了美国学校假期的设置，变化，暑假的设立过程及优缺点。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Rural(农村的) schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons.可知，内战前的农村校历包括夏季学期和冬季学期，让孩子们在春天播种和秋天收获时过假期帮助父母干农活。故选D。
spring and fall怎么读【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern……Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break.可知，1840年代的教育改革提出了暑假休息的说法及各方面的原因，故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007.可知，针对现在的美国学年，根据2007年发表的两份国际教育报告，美国高中学生的数学能力和毕业率远低于平均水平的现状，一些专家认为慵懒的暑假降低了教育质量。故选B。
【点睛】细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1. 略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。本文介绍了美国学校假期的设置，变化，暑假的设立过程及优缺点。
2. 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻自己所需要的事实。
3. 将精力放在寻你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，到细节出处，待到含
细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至到答案。如小题1考查内战前农村校历设立的目的。根据第一段Rural (农村的)schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons.可知，内战前的农村校历包括夏季学期和冬季学期，让孩子们在春天播种和秋天收获时过假期帮助父母干农活。小题2考查1840s教育改革的内容，根据第二段In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern……Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break.可知，1840年代的教育改革提出了暑假休息的说法及各方面的原因，也就是引进了暑假。
Passage 2  2020.1浙江卷 阅读理解B篇24-26题
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free — by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheeses, like mozzarella.
Wisconsin, also called “America’s Dairyland,” is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! As a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine.
Disposing of (处置) the brine can be expensive. So what should cheese makers do with the waste?
Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers water’s freezing point, causing ice to melt (融化). But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water’s freezing point.
In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.

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