2019-2020年中考英语常考易错点 专题二十二 完成句子和句子翻译
知识清单
1. It's+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 对某人来说做某事怎么样,如:
It is dangerous for children to play in the street. 孩子们在街上玩是很危险的。
2. It's time for sth. 是干某事的时间了;
It's time(for sb.)to do sth. 该干某事了。如:
①It's time for the meeting. 该开会了。
②It's time for us to go to school. 我们该上学了。
3. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干某事花某人一些时间。
sb. spend some time/money on sth./(in)doing sth. 某人花时间(金钱)在某事上/花时间(金钱)干某事。
sth. cost sb. some money 某事花某人一些钱
pay some money for sth. 为某事(物)付钱,如:
①It took me two hours to write the letter. 写这封信花了我两小时的时间。
spring是什么意思中文翻译是什么意思②He spends half an hour(in)reading English every morning. 他每天早上花半小时读英语。
③He spends one hour on the housework every day. 他每天花一小时做家务。
④The bike cost me 500 yuan. 这辆自行车花了我500元。
⑤I spent 500 yuan on the bike. 我买这辆自行车花了500元。
⑥I paid 500 yuan for the bike. 我花了500元买这辆自行车。
重要提示:
cost主语一般为物;spend, pay主语一般为人。例①中it 用作形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。
4. too+形容词/副词+ 太……以致不能…… 如:
①I was too excited to say a word.
我激动得一个字也说不出来。
②Tom is too short to reach the apple.
Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。
重要提示:
这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加 not,可以用so... 结构改写。例句①可以改写成:I was so excited that I couldn’t say a word.
5. 以便/以致…… 如:
①They studied hard so that they could pass the exam. 为了能通过考试,他们学习很努力。
②They started early so that they caught the early bus. 他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车。
重要提示:
在例句①中,是引导目的状语;在例句②中,是引导结果状语。一般来讲,若从句中含有情态动词,则so that引导的为目的状语。若无情态动词,则so that引导的为结果状语。
6. 祈使句+then/or/and+陈述句 如:
①Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life. 努力工作,你就会过上幸福的生活。
②Hurry up,or we will be late for school. 快点,否则我们上学就迟到了。
注意:以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。例句②可以改写成:If we don't hurry up,we'll be late for school.
7. Why ? 为什么不……?
Let' 让我们做……吧。
Shall ?我们做……好吗?
Would you like/?
你想要(做)……吗?
Will you ?
请你做……好吗?
What(How)?
做……怎么样?
had better do/not do sth.
最好做/不做某事。如:
①—Why not go and ask our teacher?
——为什么不去问问老师?
—Good idea! Let's go. ——好主意!走吧!
②—Shall we go out for a walk? ——我们去散步怎么样?
—No,Let's go to the zoo. ——不,我们去动物园吧。
③Will you please fetch some chalks for me? 请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗?
④—What about singing an English song? ——唱首英文歌曲怎么样?
—Wonderful! ——好极了!
⑤You had better put on the coat when you go out. 你出去时最好把外套穿上。
8. I don't think his answer is right.
我认为他的答案不对。 如:
①I can't believe she is right. 我相信她是不对的。
②You don't think they will come tomorrow,do you? 你认为他们明天不会来,是吗?
重要提醒:
think,believe,suppose等接宾语从句,表示否定时否定主句。变为反意疑问句时,若主语是第一人称,简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致,若主句主语是其他人称,与主句主谓语保持一致。例句①变为反意疑问句应为:I can't believe she is right,is she?
9. such+名词性词组+;so+形容词/副词+ 如此……以致……如:
①She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。
②It was such a hot day that they didn't go out for a walk as usual. 这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。
  重要提醒:
(1)“such+a(an)+形容词+名词+”,可以改写成“so+形容词+a(an)+名词+”,例句①可以改写成:She is so good a teacher that we all love her.
(2)在“such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+”结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+ ,so+much/little+不可数名词+ 。如:
①There are so many people in the room that I can't get in.
房间里人太多,我进不去。
②The man has so much money that he can buy a car.
那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。
10. ; or...; ; 如:
①There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box. 他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
②Not only you but also I want to go travelling.
不但你,我也想去旅游。
③Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.
要么你去上海,要么我去上海。
④Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不对。
⑤Both Jack and Tim are English. Jack和Tim都是英国人。
重要提示:
当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要遵循“就近原则”。对比 来记忆, 连接主语时视为复数。
11. enough+名词+ 有足够的……做某事;
形容词/副词+enough+ 足够……做某事。如:
①There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting. 这儿有足够的地方容下这些人开会。
②The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box. 这个男孩儿力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。
重要提示:
enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so... 句型改写。例句②可以改写为:The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.
12. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢(爱好)做某事;
like to do/like doing sth. 喜欢做某事。如:
①Do you enjoy listening to music? 你喜欢听音乐吗?
②I like to swim in the swimming pool. 我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。(喜欢到某一具体的地方游泳)
③I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。(只讲喜欢这项运动)
提分策略
  纵观全国各地中考英语试题的句子翻译题,其考查的重点为:各类重要句型结构及搭配、重点词的用法及习惯表达、主要语法规则及其运用等,为了便于评分,大多题型用“翻译填空”即“完成句子”来考查学生“译”的能力,此种题型一般占试卷总分的百分之十左右。解答这类试题,考生需要注意以下方面:

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