7、需求分析与设计Requirements Analysis and Design Definition
The Requirements Analysis and Design Definition knowledge area describes the tasks that business analysts perform to structure and organize requirements discovered during elicitation activities, specify and model requirements and designs, validate and verify information, identify solution options that meet business needs, and estimate the potential value that could be realized for each solution option. This knowledge area covers the incremental and iterative activities ranging from the initial concept and exploration of the need through the transformation of those needs into a particular recommended solution.
定义和设计知识领域的需求分析描述了业务分析进行结构和组织中发现的启发活动要求的任务，指定和模型的要求和设计，验证和核实信息，确定解决方案，满足业务需求，并估计潜在的价值，可以为每个解决方案的实现。这个知识领域涵盖了从最初的概念和探索需求的增量和迭代活动，通过将这些需求转化为特定的推荐解决方案。
Both requirements and designs are important tools used by business analysts to define and guide change. The main difference between requirements and designs is in how they are used and by whom. One person’s designs may be another person’s requirements. Requirements and designs may be either high-level or very detailed based upon what is appropriate to those consuming the information.
需求和设计都是业务分析人员用来定义和指导更改的重要工具。需求和设计的主要区别在于它们是如何使用的以及由谁来设计的。一个人的设计可能是另一个人的要求。需求和设计可以是高级的或非常详细的，基于对那些消费信息的合适的。
The business analyst's role in modelling needs, requirements, designs, and solutions is instrumental in conducting thorough analysis and communicating with other stakeholders. The form, level of detail, and what is being modelled are all dependent on the context, audience, and purpose.
业务分析师在建模需求、需求、设计和解决方案中的作用有助于进行透彻的分析，并与其他利益相关者进行沟通。形式、细节层次和所建模的内容都依赖于上下文、受众和目的。Business analysts analyze the potential value of both requirements and designs. In collaboration with implementation subject matter experts, business analysts define solution options that can be evaluated in order to recommend the best solution option that meets the need and brings the most value.
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业务分析人员分析需求和设计的潜在价值。业务分析人员与实现主题专家协作，定义可供评估的解决方案选项，以推荐满足需求并带来最大价值的最佳解决方案选项。
The following image illustrates the spectrum of value as business analysis activities progress from delivering potential value to actual value.
下图展示了业务分析活动从交付潜在价值到实际价值的过程中的价值谱。
Figure 7.0.1: Business Analysis Value Spectrum
图为7.0.1：业务分析值谱
The Requirements Analysis and Design Definition knowledge area includes the following tasks: 需求分析和设计定义知识领域包括以下任务：
•Specify and Model Requirements: describes a set of requirements or designs in detail using analytical techniques.
•指定和建模需求：使用分析技术详细描述一组需求或设计。
•Verify Requirements: ensures that a set of requirements or designs has been developed in enough detail to be usable by a particular stakeholder, is internally consistent, and is of high quality.
•验证需求：确保一组需求或设计在足够详细的范围内被某个特定的利益相关者利用，是内部一致的，并且是高质量的。
•Validate Requirements: ensures that a set of requirements or designs delivers business value and supports the organization's goals and objectives.
•验证需求：确保一组需求或设计交付业务价值并支持组织的目标和目标。
•Define Requirements Architecture: structures all requirements and designs so that they support the overall business purpose for a change and that they work effectively as a cohesive whole.
•定义需求体系结构：构建所有需求和设计，以支持变革的总体业务目标，并使其作为一个有凝聚力的整体有效地工作。
•Define Solution Options: identifies, explores and describes different possible ways of meeting the need.
•定义解决方案选项：识别、探索和描述满足需求的不同可能方式。
•Analyze Potential Value and Recommend Solution: assesses the business value associated with a potential solution and compares different options, including trade-offs, to identify and recommend the solution option that delivers the greatest overall value.
•分析潜在价值并提出解决方案：评估与潜在解决方案相关联的业务价值，并比较不同的选项，包括权衡，以确定和推荐解决方案，从而提供最大的总体价值。
The Core Concept Model in Requirements Analysis and Design Definition
需求分析与设计定义中的核心概念模型
The Business Analysis Core Concept Model™ (BACCM™) describes the relationships among the six core concepts. The following table describes the usage and application of each of the core concepts within the context of Requirements Analysis and Design Definition.
商业分析的核心概念模型™（baccm™）描述了六个核心概念之间的关系。下表描述了每个核心概念在需求分析和设计定义中的用法和应用。
Table 7.0.1: The Core Concept Model in Requirements Analysis and Design Definition
Figure 7.0.2: Requirements Analysis and Design Definition Input/Output Diagram 图7.0.2：需求分析和设计的定义输入/输出图
7.1 指定和模型需求Specify and Model Requirements
7.1.1 Purpose
7.1.1目的
The purpose of Specify and Model Requirements is to analyze, synthesize, and refine elicitation results into requirements and designs.
指定和建模需求的目的是分析、合成和提炼启发结果到需求和设计中。
7.1.2 Description
7.1.2描述
Specify and Model Requirements describes the practices for analyzing elicitation results and
creating representations of those results. When the focus of the specifying and modelling activity is on understanding the need, the outputs are referred to as requirements. When the focus of the specifying and modelling activity is on a solution, the outputs are referred to as designs.
指定和模型需求描述了分析启发结果并创建结果表示的实践。当指定和建模活动的重点是理解需求时，输出被称为需求。当指定和建模活动的焦点在解决方案上时，输出称为设计。Important ：In many IT environments, the word 'design' is used specifically for technical designs created by software developers, data architects, and other implementation subject matter experts. All business deliverables are referred to as 'requirements'.
要点：在许多IT环境中，“设计”一词专门用于由软件开发人员、数据架构师和其他实现主题专家创建的技术设计。所有业务可交付成果称为“需求”。
In addition to the models used to represent the requirements, this task also includes capturing information about attributes or metadata about the requirements. The specifying and modelling activities relate to all requirement types.
除了用于表示需求的模型之外，这个任务还包括获取关于需求的属性或元数据的信息。指定和建模活动涉及到所有需求类型。
7.1.3 Inputs
7.1.3输入
•Elicitation Results (any state): modelling can begin with any elicitation result and may lead to the need for more elicitation to clarify or expand upon requirements. Elicitation and modelling may occur sequentially, iteratively, or concurrently.
•启发式结果（任何状态）：建模可以从任何启发性结果开始，并可能需要更多的启发来澄清或扩展需求。启发和建模可以依次、迭代或并发地发生。
Figure 7.1.1: Specify and Model Requirements Input/Output Diagram
图1：指定和模型要求输入/输出图

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