倒装
英语句子通常有两种语序：
陈述语序：主语放在谓语前
主语+谓语He died.
主语+谓语＋ 表语He is dead.
主语+谓语+宾语He has a son.
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语He gave me a gift.
主语+谓语+宾语+补语He find the book interesting.
倒装语序：将谓语放在主语之前
完全倒装  将整个谓语提到主语之前
部分倒装  将be动词、情态动词、助动词放在主语之前
全部倒装
将句子的整个谓语提到主语之前
（使用口诀：“有时表地方”）
有：There be结构，表示有....
可以用来代替be动词:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。
A. There is one apple and three bananas.  （就近原则）
B. There stood a dog before him.         
C. There lived an old fisherman near the sea.
练习：
关于这个问题有不同的意见。
Different opinions on this question exist there.
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时：now, then等时间副词置于句首,
谓语动词是be,  come,  go,  remain,  lie,  run等,
注意：主语为名词时, 用完全倒装; 主语为代词时, 则不倒装。
A. Now is the time to make plans for the future.
B. Now he comes.(主语为代词，不倒装，Now comes he.×)
练习：
这时主席来了。
The chairman came then.
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表：表语提前至句首
  为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调句子表语，将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such放置句首，谓语完全倒装
The days when the women were looked down upon are gone .
→Gone are the days when the women were looked down upon.
常考：
Such作表语时置于句首，表示“...就是如此”，且主语是名词，谓语完全倒装。
The story he told me was such.
→Such was the story he told me.
练习：
依照法律，这是他的责任。
In the eyes of the law, his responsibility is such.
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地：here, there 等地点副词置于句首，
谓语动词是be,  come,  go,  remain,  lie,  run等,
注意：主语为名词时, 用完全倒装; 主语为代词时, 则不倒装。
A. Here is the letter.
B. There goes the last train.
C. Here you are. (主语为物主代词you,不倒装，Here are you.×)
练习：
公共汽车来了。
The bus comes here.
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方：表示方位、运动方向的介词或副词置于句首
      方位介词：谓语时表示存在的动词
                  eg.lie, stand,exist,live,sit
A. In the cottage lives a family of six.
B. Near the bridge was an old cottage.
C. In front of the house sat a little boy.
运动方向副词：out,in,up,down,away等置于句首，
谓语是表示运动的不及物动词，
            ege,run,go,follow,rush,fly
注意：主语为名词时, 用完全倒装; 主语为代词时, 则不倒装。
        A. Down up the rain and up went the umbrella.
          下雨了，伞撑起来了。
B. Down fell the rain.
= The rain fell down.
C. Away went the boy to the school.
D. Off goes the woman.
    练习：
一个男孩和一只狗冲了出来。
ignore the waste behind youA boy and a dog rushed out.
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部分倒装
将be动词、情态动词、助动词放在主语之前（使用口诀：不止否定让步，如此也只祝福+2）
不止：not only..放句首分句倒装，but also放后面分句不倒装 
    Not only can traveling relax us, but it can also broaden our horizons
旅游不仅能使我们放松，而且可以开阔我们的眼界。（前倒后不倒）
neither. . . nor. . . 引导两个并列分句时, 两个分句都需要倒装。
    Neither have I seen him recently, and nor have I heard from him.
    我最近既没有见到他，也没收到他的来信。（都倒装）
否定：否定或半否定意义的词或词组置于句首时
never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, not, nowhere, by no means, in no way, at no time, in no case等
A. Seldom do I visit USA.
B. Never have I heard such a thing.= I have never heard such a thing.
    我从来没有听过这种事。
C. Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.
我做梦也没想到会看到这样美丽的景。
D. At no time does he do something against his will.
他决不做违背他意愿的事。
E. Hardly can I follow you.
练习：
她几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。
She could hardly believe her own eyes.
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让步:  as引导的让步状语从句必须部分倒装,
形式为: 形容词/副词/名词/动词+as/though+主语+谓语。
（although不倒装，though可倒可不倒）
A. Hard as they tried,  they couldn’t make her change her mind.
尽管他们尽力了, 但他们还是没能让她改变主意。
B. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是一个孩子, 他却懂得很多。（表语为可数名词单数时，其前不加冠词）
C. Try as I might, I could not lift the stone.
尽管我尝试了，但是我还是举不起这块石头。
练习:
尽管年轻，但他懂得很多
As he is young, he knows much.
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如此：“so/such. . . that. . . ”句型中
将“so/such+所修饰成分”置于句首时, 主句要用部分倒装,但当so/much所修饰词作表语时，完全倒装。
A. So nervous was I that I could hardly tell which direction was left.
（so nervous作was表语，完全倒装）
B. So fast did he walk that I couldn’t catch up with him.
C. Such a famous man is he that everyone wants to take a photo with him.
（so nervous作was表语，完全倒装）
也：“so/nor/neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”结构,表示..也/也不...
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you don't go, neither will I.
注意：
(1)当 so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定，意为“的确如此”时，不可用倒装结构。
1.Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
2.--- It’s raining hard.  　
--- So it is.
(2)但如果上文所述两件事也适合另一个人或物，就用 So it is /was with sb.或It is/was the same with sb.。
Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with Engels.
只：“only+状语(副词、介宾短语或从句)”置于句首时，表示“只有...才”
A. Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
B. Only in this way can you succeed.
C. Only when you work lose it will you know the importance of freedom.
注意:如果only强调的不是句子状语时，句子不倒装。
Only he can help us.
练习：
只有最近我才在校园里见到这位教授。
I have seen the professor on campus only lately.
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“not until,”置于句首时，表示“直到...才”
A. Not until you waste it will you realize the importance of time.
B. Not until she saw the present did she feel delight.
C. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
祝福：某些表示祝愿的句子中。
May you all be happy!
祝你们所有人快乐!
May God bless you.
愿上帝赐福于你。
Long live the king!
国王万岁！
练习：
祝你成功！
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