Introduction:
In the study of English language, understanding the root words and affixes is essential for building a strong vocabulary base. This document will provide a comprehensive overview of the common root words and affixes used in high school level English in Shanghai. By mastering these, students will be able to decipher the meaning of unfamiliar words and expand their language skills.
1. Prefixes:
1.1 Un-
Definition: not
Example words: unable, untie, unhappy
Usage: The prefix "un-" is commonly used to add a negative or opposite meaning to the base word.
1.2 Dis-
Definition: not, opposite of
Example words: disagree, disappear, disobedient
Usage: The prefix "dis-" is often used to indicate negation or reversal.
1.3 Re-
Definition: again, back
Example words: rewrite, return, rebuild
Usage: The prefix "re-" is frequently used to indicate repetition or restoration.
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2. Suffixes:
2.1 -er, -or
Definition: one who does or performs an action
Example words: teacher, actor, doctor
Usage: The suffixes "-er" and "-or" are commonly used to denote a person who performs a specific action or holds a certain occupation.
2.2 -able, -ible
Definition: capable of, can be
Example words: comfortable, visible, credible
Usage: The suffixes "-able" and "-ible" are often used to indicate the capability or possibility of something.
2.3 -ing
Definition: action or process
Example words: running, dancing, singing
Usage: The suffix "-ing" is used to form present participles which describe ongoing actions or processes.
3. Root Words:
3.1 Bio-
Definition: life
Example words: biology, biography, biochemistry
Usage: The root word "bio-" is derived from the Greek word for life, and it is commonly used in words related to living organisms or life sciences.
3.2 Tele-
Definition: distance, far
Example words: telephone, television, telescope
Usage: The root word "tele-" is derived from the Greek word for far or distance and is often used in words related to communication over long distances.
3.3 Geo-
Definition: earth or the world
Example words: geography, geology, geophysics
Usage: The root word "geo-" comes from the Greek word for earth or the world, and it is often used in words related to the study of the Earth's physical characteristics.
Conclusion:
By understanding the various root words and affixes used in English, students can decipher the meaning of unfamiliar words, improve their vocabulary, and enhance their overall language skills. Mastering the common prefixes, suffixes, and root words discussed in this document will provide a solid foundation for high school students studying English in Shanghai.

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