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Java(programming language)
Java is a , , ,   that is specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as
possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that code that runs on one platform does not need to be recompiled to run on another. Java applications are typically  to  () that can run on any (JVM) regardless of . Java is, as of 2012, one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 10 million users. Java was originally developed by  at  (which has since ) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' . The language derives much of its  from  and , but it has fewer  facilities than either of them.
The original and  Java , virtual machines, and  were developed by Sun from 1991 and first released in 1995. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of the , Sun relicensed most of its Java technologies under the . Others have also developed alternative implementations of these Sun technologies, such as the  and .
Java is a set of several  products and specifications from  (which has since merged with ), that together provide a system for developing  and deploying it in a computing environme
nt. Java is used in a wide variety of  from  and  on the low end, to  and  on the high end. While less common, are sometimes used to provide improved and secure functions while browsing the  on .
Writing in the  is the primary way to produce code that will be deployed as . There are, however, byte code  available for other languages such as , JavaScript, , and . Several new languages have been designed to run natively on the  (JVM), such as ,  and . borrows heavily from  and , but object-oriented features are modeled after  and . Java eliminates certain low-level constructs such as  and has a very simple memory model where every object is  and all variables of object types are . Memory management is handled through integrated automatic  performed by the JVM.
An edition of the Java platform is the name for a bundle of related programs from Sun that allow for developing and running programs written in the  programming language. The platform is not specific to any one processor or , but rather an execution engine (called a ) and a compiler with a set of libraries that are implemented for various hardware
and operating systems so that Java programs can run identically on all of them. The Java platform consists of several programs, each of which provides a portion of its overall capabilities. For example, the Java compiler, which converts Java source code into Java byte code (an intermediate language for the JVM), is provided as part of the  (JDK). The (JRE), complementing the JVM with a , converts intermediate byte code into native machine code on the fly. An extensive set of libraries are also part of the Java platform.
The essential components in the platform are the Java language compiler, the libraries, and the runtime environment in which Java intermediate byte code "executes" according to the rules laid out in the virtual machine specification.
In most modern  (), a large body of reusable code is provided to simplify the programmer's job. This code is typically provided as a set of  that applications can call at runtime. Because the Java platform is not dependent on any specific operating system, applications cannot rely on any of the pre-existing OS libraries. Instead, the Java platform provides a comprehensive set of its own standard class libraries containing much of the s
ame reusable functions commonly found in modern operating systems. Most of the system library is also written in Java. For instance,  library paints the user interface and handles the events itself, eliminating many subtle differences between how different platforms handle even similar components.

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