linux磁盘管理系列一:磁盘配额管理--688IT编程网

linux磁盘管理系列⼀：磁盘配额管理

磁盘管理系列

1 前⾔

在linux系统中，由于是多⽤户、多任务的环境，如果有少数⼏个⽤户⼤量使⽤磁盘空间，导致其他⽤户的正常使⽤，因此需要对各个⽤户的磁盘空间进⾏管理和限定。

2 quota的⽤途

限制某⼀个⽤户的最⼤磁盘配额

3 quota的使⽤限制

仅能针对整个⽂件系统

内核必须⽀持

只对⼀般⽤户⽣效

这⾥提供⼀个样例，针对样例对quota的配置管理做个描述

4 案例讲解

4.1案例描述

创建5个⽤户user1,user2,user3,user4,user5，密码和⽤户名相同，初始组为usergrp组。

5个⽤户都可以取得300M的磁盘使⽤空间，⽂件数量不限。超过250M，给于提⽰。

usergrp这个组内成员最⼤使⽤空间1GB。

如果有⽤户超过soft限制，给14天的宽限时间。

4.2 准备磁盘

[root@mail ~]# fdisk -l #查看磁盘情况

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000bd275

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 20482099199104857683 Linux

/dev/sda2 20992008388607940893440 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 39.7 GB, 39720058880 bytes, 77578240 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@mail ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb #对sdb这个盘进⾏分区，这⾥就分⼀个区

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xbcd17d69.

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): Using default value 20971519

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0xbcd17d69

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 2048209715191048473683 Linux

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@mail ~]# 4 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

655360 inodes, 2621184 blocks

131059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2151677952

80 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632 Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@mail ~]# mkdir /mnt/home #创建⼀个⽬录

[root@mail ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/home #测试挂载下

4.4.创建⽤户

[root@mail ~]# vim adduserbat.sh #创建⼀个添加⽤户的脚本

[root@mail ~]# cat adduserbat.sh #确认下脚本

#!/bin/bash

groupadd usergrp

for user in user1 user2 user3 user4 user5

useradd -g usergrp -b /mnt/home $user

echo $user |passwd --stdin $user

done

[root@mail ~]# sh adduserbat.sh #运⾏脚本去创建⽤户

useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.

Not copying any file from skel directory into it.