英语独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）
一、独立主格结构的特点
独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点：
(1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
(2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的用法
它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。   
(1) 作时间状语
The work done(=After the work had been done) , we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。
(2) 作条件状语
Weather permitting(＝If weather permits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
(3) 作原因状语
An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
(4) 作伴随状语
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head) . 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
(5) 表补充说明
A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold) . 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。
注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
1． The weather___fine, they decided to go out for a walk. 
A. were  B. was  C. is  D. being 
2.  The composition given by the teacher___ , Alice went to watch TV. 
  A. being done well    B. has been done well 
  C. having done well  D. done well 
  3. The last plane___ , they had to stay in the hotel for another night. 
  A. left    B. having left  C. having been left  D. be leaving 
  4. It is a beautiful village with a mountain____ it. 
A. Surrounded  B. surrounding  C. having surrounded 
D. having been surrounded 
  5. Everything___ into consideration, his work is well done. 
  A. taking  B. taken    C. has been taken  D. being taken
1-5 DDBBBcurtains
6. All his work___, he left his office at ease. 
  A. finished  B. had been finished  C. finishing  D. to finish 
  7．The power station was built on the river with our village and some others___ with electricity. 
  A. to supply  B. supplied  　C. supplying  D. having supplied 
  8. ____five minutes__
__ before the last train left, we arrived at the station. 
A. There being; to go  B. It was; left 
C. It had; left  D. There was; to go 
  9. Christmas____, the family was full of excitement. 
A. was then only days away 
  B. were then only days away 
  C. then only days away 
  D. having been then only days away 
  10. They first reach an agreement on the basic principle, the details____later. 
  A. to work it out 
  B. having been worked out 
  C. to be worked out 
  D. being worked out 
6-10 ABACC
　11. The purse_____, they went to the police. 
  A. not yet found 
  B. has’t been found 
  C. being not found 
  D. not having yet found 
  12. They sat in the room with the curtains_____. 
  A. drawing B. having been drawn 
  C. drawn D. being drawn 
  13. Cars_____, they were punished by the police. 
  A. parking illegally 
  B. parked illegally 
  C. being parked illegally 
  D. having parked illegally 
  14. Mr. Smith stood beside the window, his attention ____ the car outside. 
  A. focus on 
  B. focusing upon 
  C. focused on 
  D. been focused on 
  15. There____, we left. 
  A. being nothing else to do 
  B. is nothing else to do 
  C. was nothing else to do 
  D. having nothing else to do 
　11-15 ACBCA 

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