化隐为显
1、隐性义素显化
2、蕴含参与者显化
3、蕴含谓词显化
4、屈折词素含义显化
5、空位含义显化
6、文化意义显化
7.逻辑因素显化
Syntactic expansions
(a) identification of the participants in events,
(b)identification of objects or events with abstracts,
(c)more explicit indication of relations,
(d)filling out of ellipses, which may involve any type of syntactic structure. Lexical expansions(sense-for-sense)
(a) classifiers,
(b)descriptive substitutes,
(c) semantic restructuring.
29) The crowds melt away .(melt: go slowly away)
人慢慢的散去 30) As he sat down and began talking, words  poured out .(pour: cause to flow in a continuous way)
当他坐下来打开话匣子之后，他就没有停住。 31) His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.
他已经疲惫不堪汗流浃背，他不得不在最近的树荫
坐了下来 32) He was mature in years and tried in wars but had the old, inbred arrogance of his family.
多年之后他变得成熟了，在战争当中变得苍老了，
但是那种与生俱来的家族的傲慢从未消减 33) And suddenly he saw her at her window, looking out. He moved a little from the yew tree, and whispered:“Megan!”She drew back, vanished, reappeared, leaning far down .He stole forward on the grass patch, hit his shin against the green painted chair, and held his breath at the sound.
突然他看到她在窗前往外眺望。他从紫杉后面往外移了一下，小声叫到“megan ”她把帘子拉了下来，若隐若现，她背靠着墙，他偷偷的向草坪走去，他的腿不小心碰到了绿的椅子上，发出的声响让他
不禁屏住了呼吸。 34) Suddenly an idea mingled with the alcoholic fumes that disturbed his brain .It was apparently of a jocular nature, for he felt impelled to slap his leg again and cram his fist into mouth.
突然间酒后头脑不清的想法困扰着他，很显然这是一个很搞笑的事情，因为他不自觉的拍着自己的大
腿不停往嘴里塞东西。 35) The best lubricant cannot maintain oil films between the surfaces of engineering gears.
最好的润滑油也不能未出工程齿轮表面的润滑油。 36) But the tamping-iron rubbed against the side of the shaft, and a spark ignited the powder.(How Brain Research Got Started)
但是填充铁块摩擦着轴的一端产生了火花，火花就
点燃了火药 37) (The latter-day Aladdin, still snugly abed, then presses a button on a bedside box and issues a string of business and personal memos, which appear instantly on the genie screen.)After his shower, which has turned itself on at exactly the right temperature at the right minute, Mr. A is alerted by a buzzer and a blue light, on the screen.(The Age of Miracle Chips)
当今的阿拉丁，仍然舒服的躺在床上，然后按一下床边盒子里面的按钮，发出一串关于商业和个人的备忘录，这些信息立即就出现在神奇的屏幕上。当他洗完澡之后，在适当的温度适当的时间神灯就会自动关闭系统，阿拉丁先生通过屏幕发出一连串声
响跟蓝光得知 38) Say you shoot a video that you think is particularly artsy . Beam it out and make a small fortune by charging an untold number of viewers a fee for watching.
Peter Tennings would be obsolete.(An Interactive Life)
如果你拍了一部你觉得相当不错的视频，你可以发行，通过向观看者收费的方式发点小财，那时候
Peter 或许都要失业了。 39) Wellsian fantasy?(ibid)
威尔斯似的幻想 40) (Nicholas Negroponte, director of MIT's Media Lab, a
leading think tank in this new world, remembers that back in the
1970s,a government agency gave him a grant on the condition
that he remove the word multimedia from his proposal.)
“They were afraid we would get one of ［Senator ］
Porxmire's Golden Fleece awards,” he says.
尼葛洛庞帝；（美国麻省理工学院）媒体实验室的教授，一个新世纪的主要智慧囊，回忆到退回二十世纪七十年代，政府机关给他他一项款项，条件是他能够在他的提议中除掉世界媒体 他们担心我们可能会赢得金羊毛奖。 41) Computer technology may make the car, as we know it, a Smithsonian antiq
ue.(The Age of Miracle Chips)
电脑科技或许可以使车成为史密森尼博物馆的一件古董
42) (A user might stand in front of a monitor receiver and just talk and listen, communicating with whatever or whomever is Out There).Images and voices would be beamed back and forth.(An Interactive Life)
一位使用者或许可以站在监视器接收器面前谈话和倾听，可以通过影像声音来回传递从而达到谈论任何事情任何人的效果
43) Personal tragedy haunted his entire life, in the deaths of
他的个人悲剧缠绕了他一生，最终爱的人。。。
loved ones…
44) Disappearances occurred with apparently increasing
很显然灭绝的事件发生的频率越来越高frequency,…
pushed45) She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup
她热情的欢迎她的客人并给端来了茶of tea.
46) I have had the joy of two beautiful and wonderful wives, the
happiness of parenthood and the love of eight children. (Why
Measure Life in Heart Beats?)
47) Are you understanding me better?
48) Y ou are not looking quite yourself.
49) Britain′s railway system is being improved.
50) At the time when it happened, I was seeing a lot of Belinda,
and I was also going to the opera a lot.
51) He who is most slow in making a promise is generally the
most faithful in its performance.
52) The smallest chick knows better than (to) trust itself to water.
53) The simplest explanation is the best.
54) It ( her husband’s death as the result of heart trsnsplating )
was a great ordeal for Mrs. West, but an even greater ordeal had
been publicity.(Heart Transplants)
55) It's the commonplace, the habitual, that challenges definition,
for its very commonness compels us to define it in uncommon
terms.
56) Histories make men wise; poets(…)witty; mathematics(…)
subtle; natural philosophy(…)deep(…) (On Study)
57) No phrase was borrowed: it was pure Roosevelt.(The Glory
and the Dream)
58) Next to health, heart and home, happiness for mobile
Americans depends upon the automobile.
59) Bryan stood forlornly alone. My heart went out to the old
warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Darrow's hand.
60) Let the head rule the heart.
让理智控制感情。
61) Wise men have their mouth in their heart, fools their heart in
their mouth.
62) 一间阴暗的小屋子里，上面坐着两个老爷，一东一西。
东边的是一个马褂，西边的是一个西装，……马褂问过他的
姓名年龄籍贯之后，就又问道：“你是木刻研究会的会员么?”
63) The season does induce a quickening of the blood and a
heightening of humankind's sensual pleasures.
64) He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few
more men.
65) The microelectronic revolution promises to ease, enhance
增加范畴词(classifiers)
增加的词语一般为表示性质、范畴的名词，常见的有：“精神、观念、身份、情况、局面、工作、问题等。
增加补语
汉语中的动量词是用来表示动作行为的计算单位，在句中多作动词补语。常用的专用动量词有：“次”、“回”、“趟”、“遍”、“番”、“下”、“阵”等；还可以借用名词构成动量词：“手”(露一手)“声”(叫几声)等。当译文中补词组残缺时，应根据动词适当增补动量词。
汉语中的趋向性动词也经常用作补语，常用的有：“来”、“去”、“上”、“下”、“进”、“出”、“回”、“开”、“过”、“起”、“起来”、“下去”等。翻译时，应根据原文内容，确定动作趋向，以补充适当的趋向性动词，完成汉语的中补搭配。
增加连接性词语
能起承上启下作用的词除了代词“这”之外还有副词“还”、“仍”、“也”等，连词“因此”、“而且”、“依然”等，例如：

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