语法主要考哪些项目?
  英语(二)最常考的语法项目包括：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、比较级、语序、主谓一致、强调句、基本句型。
  * 最常考的时态：现在完成时、过去完成时、过去时、一般现在时和将来完成时。
  * 最常考的非谓语动词：独立结构、动名词作某些动词的宾语、非谓语动词作定语和状语。
  * 最常考的虚拟语气：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句和主句。
  * 最常考的定语从句：where 引导的定语从句、名词/代词+ of + which引导的定语从句。
  * 名词性从句：what， whether 引导的主语或宾语从句、that 引导的同位语从句。
  * 状语从句：now that， in that， in case， as， while 引导的状语从句。
  哪些词最有可能考单词拼写?
  严格来说，只要是考纲中包括的词都有可能出现在单词拼写大题中，但是从历年考题可以看出，某些词的命中率要高于其它词，有些词甚至反复考过，这说明考生在背单词的时候还是可以在全面覆盖的基础
之上突出重点、提高效率的。在这里我们不可能一一罗列重要的词汇，下面是我总结的英语(二)常考单词的特点：
  * 绝大部分是长度在5-8个字母之间的中等难度的词，如：victim， gesture等;
  * 拼写和读音不完全对称的词，如：dumb， subtle等。
  * 个别非常简单、但课文中不是很常见的名词，如：tube.
  * 从词性上来看，最常考的依次是名词、形容词、动词、和副词。
  在复习这些单词时，一定要以考试大纲为准，而不能只背教材后面的生词表。一方面，教材后面的生词表中包含了不少超刚词，完全不会考到；另一方面，对英语(二)来说，从下册教材生词表中出的单词只占三分之一，不可能涵盖所有要考的内容。同样在复习时一定要讲究准确性，确保背一个记准一个，而不能只是记个大概，最后写出来每个都差不多但每个都有错。
  复习建议
  针对上述预测，我们如何制定冲刺阶段的复习计划呢?下面是我推荐的三步复习法。
  1.第一步，应该抽出半个月到二十天的时间，把书上可能考到的内容好好地总结一下。课文中涉及的重要的语法现象，如带虚拟语气、独立主格的句子，接动名词作宾语的动词，倒装句，强调句，what， that， whether引导的从句等，最好都分类摘抄下来。
  2.做完整理工作后，应该进入下一步，即通过一定量的模拟训练来熟悉考试题型、提高实战能力。模拟训练应注意以下几点：
  (1) 做题时，一定要独立完成。不管做题的过程多么困难，都要
硬着头皮去做，只有这样才能在考场上发挥自如。
  (2)保持一定的频率也很重要。至少一周应该完成两套题，否则达不到强化的效果。
  (3)及时总结。如果做完几套题后反复出现同样的错误，一定要请老师对相关内容作详细的讲解，并针对性地多做巩固练习，直到问题得到真正的解决。
  (4)做完十套左右的模拟题后，应该再做几套最近几年的真题。这时你可以对自己的实际水平有一个比较准确的估计。哪些方面是你的长处，哪些方面还存在薄弱环节，并利用最后一两周的时间来进行弥补。
  (5)除了做题，这三个月期间应该天天坚持的是背单词。每天抽出半个小时至一个小时，把大纲词汇包括后面的词组至少从头至尾完整地过一遍，有可能考拼写的重点单词要动笔抄写，常用活用的词要记搭配，容易混淆的词放在一起进行比较。
  3.最后一周的总复习。考试前的最后一周应该再来一次全面的总复习。复习内容包括第一步中抄下来的课文中的重点句子、第二步作题时纪录下来的常出错的语法项，重点的单词，和总结出来的答题技巧。如果还有时间，也可以把最后做过的真题再做一遍。相信经过精心的计划和充分的准备，此刻的你一定成竹在胸，胜券在握了。
  重点语法知识讲解
  1.动词的时态和语态
  动词的时态和语态一览表
时态
语态 一般现在时  一般过去时  一般将来时 
主动
被动  do
are done  did
were done  will do
will be done 
  现在进行时  过去进行时  将来进行时 
主动
被动  are doing are being done  were doing
were being done  will be doing 
  现在完成时  过去完成时  将来完成时 
主动
被动  have done
have been done  had done
had been done  will have done
will have been done 
  现在完成进行时       
主动
被动  have been doing       
  1.1 现在完成时
  发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响。
  现在完成时的标志： so far， by now/ up to now，for three years， since 1995， in the past two decades
  1.2 过去完成时
  过去的过去。
  1）said， reported， thought 等引导的间接引语中。
  He missed the train.
  He said he had missed the train.
  2）hardly…when， no sooner… than句型中表示先发生的动作
  No sooner had he got up than he received the call.
  3）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中
  If I had tried harder， I would have won.
  I wish I had done better in the exam.
  1.3 完成进行时
  从过去一直持续到现在，没有
间断。汉语提示语：一直
  The water has been running the whole night.
  1.4 过去时
  过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。
  过去时的标志：yesterday， in 1995， last week，in the nineteenth century，five years ago 等等。
  2.非谓语动词
  2.1 非谓语动词一览表
非谓语动词  形式  意义 
disabled怎么读音
现在分词       
一 般 式  doing  主动 , 正在进行 
被 动 式  being done  被动 , 正在进行 
完成主动式  having done  主动 , 已经完成 
完成被动式  having been done  被动 , 已经完成 
过去分词  done  被动 , 已经完成 
动词不定式         
一 般 式  to do  主动 , 将要进行 
被 动 式  to be done  被动 , 将要进行 
完成主动式  to have done  主动 , 已经完成 
进行主动式  to be doing  主动 , 正在进行 
  2.2. 非谓语动词作状语
  动词不定式：1）目的状语；2）结果状语
  I came here to meet you. （目的）java中parse的用法
  He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果）
  分词：1） 伴随状语；2）原因状语；3）条件状语 4）让步状语；5）时间状语
  Walking along the street， he met his old friend. （时间）
  Being very tired， my father didn’t go out with us. （原因）
  Made by hand， the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因）
  Seen from the space， the earth looks like a blue ball. （条件）
  2.3 非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构
  1） Having done their homework， the children began to play. （分词作状语）
  2） After having done their homework， the children began to play. （连词+分词）
  3） After they had done their homework， the children began to play. （状语从句）
  4） With homework done， the children began to play. （独立结构）
  2.4 非谓语动词作定语
  1） If there is no choice， there is no decision ___ （make）。 （to be made）
  2） Do you know the man ____ （ stand） in front of the house？ （standing）
  3） The question ____ （discuss） at the moment is very important. （being discussed）
  4） The bridge ____ （build） in the 1950s is still in good condition. （built）
  2.5 动名词和动词不定式
  作主语和表语
  动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。
  Rising early is good for health.
  To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.
  It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.
  My biggest wish is to go abroad.
  Seeing is believing.
  作宾语
css调整图片位置  接动名词作宾语的动词：
  admit， acknowledge， avoid， appreciate， consider， delay， enjoy， escape， excuse， forgive， finish， include， involve， mind， put off， postpone， suggest， feel like， look forward to， be used to， be accustomed to， etc.
  接动词不定式作宾语的动词：
  want， tend， intend， pretend， hope， plan， expect， be supposed to， seem， be likely to， used to， be willing to， desire， force， prefer， start， begin
  接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词：
  1） forget， remember， regret
  2） stop， continue
  3） need/ want
  4） allow doing/ allow sb to do
  （1） How can I forget meeting you for the first time？
  Sorry， I forgot to lock the door.
  （2） I can’t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand？
  （3） The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.
  （4） We don’t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.
　第一单元
  1.常考单词：
  goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity
  2. 常考词组：
  in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down
  3. 常考句子：
  1)A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.
  2)Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.
  3)If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made.
  4)For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like.
  5)For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.
  6)Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.
  7)In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.
  8)Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department.
  第二单元
  1.常考单词：
  escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all
  2. 常考句子：
  1)Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.
  2)The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.
  3)Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.
  4)If a man fell into a
black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.
  5)It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
  6)On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.
  第三单元
  1.常考单词：
  weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive
  2. 常考词组：
  to debate on  to make request for  be opposed to  to take … into account
  3. 常考句子：
  1)Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew th
ere was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.
  2)Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.
  3)The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.
  4)What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right.
  第四单元
  1.常考单词：
  demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite deserving shelf　minimum status deport
  2. 常考句子：
  1)There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain.
  2)Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.
  3)The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.
  4)A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.
  5)She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.
  6)Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.
  7)So if they do complain，they risk being deported.
  第五单元
  1.常考单词：
  Musician，rhythmic，distinct，consciousness，originate，readily，instrument，electronic，thereby，passive，participant
  2. 常考词组：
  to take place  to take over  to take on  in a sense  at a stretch  to serve as  in advance  for the sake of
  3. 常考句子：
  1)The new music was built out of materials already in existence.
  2)Folk music，old and modern，was popular among college students.
  3)They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music.
  4)With records at home，listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could.
　第六单元
  1.常考单词：
  eff
iciency increasingly install personnel expose reduction completion specific switch critical intensity scale defective
仿互站最新版源码  2. 常考词组：
  in that  in question  plenty of
  3. 常考句子：
  1)Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.
  2)Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although　to a lesser degree，in other industries as well.
西门子数据类型有哪几种
  3)The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials，preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.
  4)Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task，they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.
  5)Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots.
  6)With the ability to "see"，robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials.
  7)Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.
  第七单元
  1.常考单词：
  research attach underlie relevant positive possession desirable relaxation occupation urban acquire participation
  2. 常考词组：
  be concerned with  be relevant to  to set … as objective
  3. 常考句子：
  1)People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.
  2)The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.
  3)The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.
  4)Since leisure is basically self-determined，one is able to take to one's interests and preferences and　get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.
  5)Basically，such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that Leisure can and should be put to good use.
  6)For example，the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games，sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.
  7)Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person.
  8)The more seriously this is sought，the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.
  第八单元
  1.常考单词：
php开发环境由什么组成
  flight negotiation transport overcome internal external rhythm feasible assumption promote
  2. 常考词组：
  effect on    to blame… on    to advantage    now that    out of step 

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